Cardio Radiology Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is important about rotation
You can get false right heart enlargement based on rotation etc
DV vs VD
VD has longer cardiac silhouette
Cardiac size in dogs (lateral)
Height- cardiac base <2/3 chest cavity height
Width- 2.5-3.5 ICS or less
Cardiac size in dogs (DV)
length = 5 or less ICS width= 2/3 width of chest cavity
Cardiac size in cats (lateral)
height and width similar to dog
cardiac apex should NOT touch diaphragm in cats
cardiac size in cats (DV)
Length similar to dog
Width- maximal width 1/2 width of chest cavity or less
Where to look for chamber bulges?
See images
When do pulmonary vessels appear prominent and overcirculated? Undercirculated?
VSD, PDA
Undercirculated= Severe pulmonic stenosis
When do pulmonary arteries appear larger than pulmonary vein
With pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
They are wider than width of the 7th - 9th rib (where PA and rib intersects)
Tortuous with Heart worm diease
Pulmonary venous hypertension occurs prior to _______ and may manifest as engorged ______ relative to arteries
Left heart failure, pulmonary veins
Caudal vena cava may be enlarged in cases of ________ and may occur with elevations in Right heart filling pressure. Judge by comparing it to the _____ on the lateral film (should be 1 : 1)
systemic venous congestion
Aorta
Ductus bump
PDA causes dilation of the DESCENDING aorta (turbulence of the ductus) noted on DV or VD
Post stenotic dilation of PS
Dilation of the MPA caused by pulmonic stenois– seen on DV rads in the 1-2 position
Bulge creates the reverse D pattern with RV pressure overload
Post stenotic dilation of SAS
Subaortic stenosis can cause a post-stenotic dilation of the ASCENDING aorta (bulge in cranial heart base region, on the lateral radiographs)
4 pulmonary patterns
Bronchial, Interstitial, Alveolar, Vascular
Bronchial pattern
Increased opacity of airways (donuts, train tracks)
Interstitial
Cloudy parenchyma, obscures edges and vessels
“snowstorm” that obscures edges of heart, caudal vena cava etc
Alveolar
Very PROGRESSED interstitial
- bronchi are visible (AIR BRONCHOGRAM)
- Parenchyma is dense to consolidated
Vascular
Generalized enlarged pulmonary vessels (arteries and veins)
What are the 3 classic findings of radiographic left heart failure?
1) left heart enlargement (esp L atrium)
2) pulmonary venous enlargement
3) interstitial opacity esp around vessels (pulmonary edema)
What are the 3 Hallmarks of Reverse D?
DV view
1) Right ventricle enlargement
2) RA enlargement
3) Main pulmonary trunk bulge (also enlarged right PA)
Remember that Reverse D = Right heart pressure overload
Chronic mitral valve regurgitation- Lateral view
LV enlargement (tall cardiac silhouette)
LA bulge
Venous enlargement
No CHF (vessel edges crisp, lungs clear)
Chronic mtiral valve regurg- DV
Elongated cardiac silhouette (LV enlargement)
Increased opacity of enlarged LA (bifurcation)
Left auricular bulge (2 o clock)
No CHF
What is the “cowboy”?
DV view:
Pulmonary arteries = arms, Left Atrium = body, Pulmonary veins= legs (“veins are ventral and central)
With mitral valve regurgitation, you get LA bulge and cowboy = narrowing of caudal lobar bronchi
