Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABFM questions > Cardio/renal > Flashcards

Cardio/renal Flashcards

1
Q

Dx/tx hypertrophic cardiomopathy

A

murmur that increases with valsalva
beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

high intensity statin

A

rosuvastatin 20-40
atorvastatin 40-80

mod inten: simvastatin 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indications for Primary Prevention of ASCVD with HIGH intensity statin

A
  • LDL >190
  • DM 40-75 w/ ASCVD >7.5%
  • Age 40-75 with ASCVD > 20%
  • CAC >300
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary preventation indications

A

Known CVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tx options for high risk ASCVD patients

A

1st- high int statin
2nd- ezetimibe + mod int statin
3rd- PCSK9 if intolerant to statins or unable to lower LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mortality benefit with spiro in….

A

HFrEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mgmt of PAD

A

First line: walking program, smoking cessation, healthy diet, statins (regardless of LDL)

Single anti-PLT like ASA or clopidogrel. Only need DAPT after revasc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

meds that increase survival after ACS

A

ASA
Statin
ACE
BB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

confirmation of nephrotic syndrome

A

Spot urine prot/cr ratio instead oof 24hr urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

topomax risk of kidney stones?

A

inhib CAH > met acidosis > hypercalciuria -> calc-phos stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tx for WPW

A

catheter ablation (96% success) risk of procedure is permanent AV block. Esp recommended if patient has pAfib

Can do “pill in pocket” as next tx

(dilt, metop are node blocking agents, should not be used long term in WPW due to risk of Vfib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

carotid artery disease tx

A

Statin= first line

> 70% stenosis and sx can consider stenting or CEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ppx for dental procedures?

A

Patients w/ prosthetic heart valves

orgs: staph, strep, enterococcus, strep bovis, mitans, viridans

Abx: amoxicillin > keflex –> can do clinda or azithro if PCN allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dx of vit D deficiency

A

dx= 25-OH
monitoring 1,25 di-OH vit d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HAS-BLED

A

> 3 = high risk of bleeding

Age > 65
Uncontrolled HTN
Hx stroke
Hx prior bleed
ASA, antiplat, NSAID
Labile INR
>8 etoh drinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tx of pericarditis

A

colchicine > nsaids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

t/f: STEMI patiehts with afib need DAPT plus AC?

A

Yes, clopidegral, ASA and warf or doac. INR goal 2-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BB that have mortality benefit in HFrEF

A

carvedilol
bisoprolol
metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Non-shockable ryhtm

A

Asystole, PEA

Asystole–> EPI only!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5Ts and 6Hs

A

toxins, tamponade, tension pneumoo, thrombosis caridac or PE

H+, hypothermia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypovolemia, hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

shockable rythm

A

Vfib/Vtach

defibrilate the dead –> CPR –> epic –> CPR –> amio

22
Q

sepsis classifications

A

sepsis- SIRS + source
severe sepsis= sepsis + lactate >2 or organ dysfunction
Septic shock = severe sepsis + lactate >4 or hypotension

23
Q

indications for AV replacement

A

sx, transthoracic velocity >4, AV area <1

24
Q

T/f: statin therapy can decrease periop mortality for high risk procedures (including joint replacement)

A

True

25
Q

when to use bidil (isosorbide mononitrate + hydral)

A

AA patients, NYHA III-VI already on all other meds

26
Q

ARNI

A

ARB+ neprilysin inhibitor

-Replace with ACE for NYHAII-III who are still symptomatic despite medical optimization
- wait 36 hours for ACE to washout

27
Q

Drugs to avoid in HFrEF

A

-NDHP-CCB (dilt, verapamil) –> potent negative inotropic effect and are associated with worsening heart failure
(Amlodipine ok)

  • anti-arrythmics
  • NSAIDs
  • Thiazolidinediones
28
Q

HFpEF treatment

A

-little evidence base but MAYBE ALDOSTERONE CAN prevent hospitalizations
-careful with prelooad reduction (impaired ventricular relaxtion limits diastolic filling -> decreases SV > dec CO)
- careful w/ heart rate reduction (inc diastolic filling time > inc SV > in CO

29
Q

Most common underlying cause of HFpEF

A

HTN –> stiff and thick ventricle that cannot fill well during diastole

30
Q

Indications for ICD in CHF

A

LVEF <35%
NYHA II-III
Symptomatic
Life expectanty > 1 yr

31
Q

Indications for LVAD in CHF

A

-bridge for patients with 1 year survival <50% before heart transplant

32
Q

treatment for mobitz I v mobitz II

A

Mobitz I (wanke) = no tx needed (in acute settings can be inf MI). Abnormality is above AV node

Mobitz II= needs permanent pacemaker –> indicats disease below AV node (his-purkinje sys aka ventricle). Can progress to 3rd degree

33
Q

RCA is associated with _______ MI and may effect ______ node

A

inferior, AV

34
Q

LAD is associated with _____ MI and may effect ______ conducting system

A

anterior, distal

35
Q

Acute SVT tx (after vagal manuevers fail)

A
  • adenosine: 6mg, then 12mg
  • next: metop 5mg IV x2
  • next: dilt 5-20mg q15 min
36
Q

SVT long term

A
  • pill in pocket
  • daily med that converted rythem in ER
  • catheter ablation (5% inadvertent heart block)
37
Q

disease associated with MAT

A

COPD

tx: AV nodal blockers (verapamil, dilt, metop)

38
Q

t/f etoh associated with a fib

A

true, >1 drink per day

39
Q

CHADVASC scoring an AC

A

0 men, 1 women= no AC
1 men, 2 women= shared decision making
2 men, 3 women= anticoagulation

40
Q

remaining indications for warfarin over doac

A

severe mitral stenosis or mechanical valve

41
Q

AC before electrical cardioversion

A

4 weeks, or if ECHO shows no LA clot

(if unstable then do emergently obvs)

42
Q

catheter ablation of afib

A

-target destruction of pulm vein ostea in LA
- primary predictor of success is size of LA
- 20% of patients need repeating

43
Q

SSRI associated with long QT

A

citalopram

44
Q

WPW syndrome: what is it, what can’t you treat with

A
  • pt with delta wave who then develops tachyarrythmia
  • Accessory pathway that bypasses AV node
  • can’t give AV nodal blocking agents because will cause electrical impulses to exclusively go down accessory pathway and cause tachyarrythmia
45
Q

WPW syndrome tx

A

AVRT: tx like SVT with cardioversion available
Afib: ibutilide or procainimide

46
Q

tx of long QT

A

> 470= bb
500 = ICD

47
Q

benefit of bidil in CHF

A

improves mortality in people who cannot tolerate BB or ACE

48
Q

SGLT2 approved for HFrEF

A

Dapagliflozin

49
Q

extra renal cysts in ADPCKD

A

liver, then intracranial aneurysm

50
Q

PVC burden > ______, risk for _______

A

10% –> cardiomyopathy, warrants tx

Order echo for patients with palpitations and >10% PVC

51
Q

Dx of renal artery stenosis

A

Cr inc >50% after starting ACE –> get CT scan

(uses renin/aldo to diagnose hyperaldosteronism)

ABFM questions (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions