Cardio + Resp

Question 1

What is the most common causative organism for infective endocarditis?

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 2

What is the management for an. Infective endocarditis of a native heart valve?

Answer 2

4 weeks intiially IV amoxicillin + Gentamicin then specific abx depending on causative organism.

Question 3

What is the management of an infective endocarditis of a prosthetic heart valve?

Answer 3

6 weeks intiially IV amoxicillin and gentamicin then specific abx depending on cause

Question 4

What do you need to diagnose infective endocarditis?

Answer 4

One major criteria + 3 minor criteria

Question 5

What are the major criteria for infective endocarditis?

Answer 5

Persistently positive blood cultures
Specific imaging findings on echo

Question 6

What are the minor criteria for infective endocarditis?

Answer 6

Risk factors (IVDU/heart valve pathology)
Fever >38
Vascular phenomena (Janeaway lesions, splenic infarction, intracranial haemorrhage)
Immunological phenomena (Oslers nodes, Roth spots, glomerulonephritis)
Microbiological phenomena (positive cultures not. Qualifying for major. Criteria)

Question 8

What is the management for low severity CURB 0-1 pneumonia?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin or doxycycline 5 days

Question 9

What is the management for moderate severity CURB 1-2 pneumonia?

Answer 9

Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin
(Doxy instead of amoxicillin if pen allergic)

Question 10

What is the management of a severe CURB 3+ pneumonia?

Answer 10

Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin

Question 11

What medications would you give to a patient with severe CURB 3+ pneumonia if they are penicillin allergic?

Answer 11

Ceftriaxone + clarithromycin

Question 12

How long do you give antibiotics for with Bronchiectasis?

Answer 12

7-14days

Question 13

What antibiotics are given o treat an infective exacerbation of Bronchiectasis?

Answer 13

Same as pneumonia

Question 14

What antibiotics are used to treat pneumonia if it is an atypical organism?

Answer 14

Either. Doxycycline or clarithromycin (a macrolide)

Question 15

What medication is given if an infective Bronchiectasis exacerbation is caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 15

Ciprofloxacin

Question 16

What organism do you consider to be the cause of a patients pneumonia if they were in a hot tub, spar, air conditioning and have hyponatraemia and deranged liver function tests?

Answer 16

Legionella pneumophila