Cardio- The Heart Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the heart surrounded by
- Peri: (around) spiderweb like connective tissue
• Fibrous + serous
layers of the heart wall (+ cell types)
- Epi: (above) adipose, blood vessels + connective, start squam
- Myo: cardiac muscle/myocytes
- Endo: (inner layer), lines internal surfaces of heart + vessels, single epithelial cells
how does the endocardium meet valve cusp and what are valves made of
Valve cusps are fibroelastic tissue.
• Endocardium lines internal heart walls and extends onto valve cusps
what does the myocardium high oxygen demand resulted in structure
• Every myocyte= capillary
where are pain sensations carried to and by what from the heart
phrenic nerve > C3-5 dermatones
what is a dermatone
area of skin supplied by single nerve
explain referred pain
o Referred Pain: pain felt at a location where a nociceptive stimulus is absent
• If does alert brain, brain can’t decipher source (heart, diaphragm, shoulder)
• Cant differentiate b/w sensory fibres of pericardium, diaphragm, C3-5
what happens to absorbed blood supply to fibrous pericardiium
o Blood absorbed by inside layer of fib. Peri = serous layer
• Turns blood into fluid
• Fluid layer between fibrous and serous = prevent friction (allowing movement)
if heart is shiny, whats still on
epicardium, fat
what 3 vessels enter the right atrium
- Large right blue vessel= superior vena cava
• (from left/right brachiocephalic veins)
• Deoxy blood from superior of body - Unseen: inferior vena cava
- Coronary sinus (drains deoxy blood from heart)
what does the aorta stem to
- Left and right coronary arteries
- Note: Heart feeds itself first (most oxy. blood) - Brachiocephalic trunk > splits to
A. common carotid artery (> internal and external artery)
B. Subclavian artery
movement of blood
vena cava > right atrium > tricusp> right even > pulmonary semi fun > pull arteries > pull veins > left atrium > biceps > left vent > aortic semi lunar > aorta
in an anterior view of heart, what do the auricles hug
pulmonary trunk
what doe coronary arteries supply
myocardium and epicardium
where do coronary arteries originate
• Originate at base of ascending aorta
o Left= very short and then splits into LAD + circumflex (around)
in a posterior view of heart, what chamber is most in veiw
left vent
what does coronary sinus do
deliver de oxygenated blood from my card to right atrium
in an oblique view, difference b/w Ventricle vs Atria
• V= elevations of muscles (trabeculae carneae)
o Converges into papillary muscles that anchor chordae tendeae
o Prevents valves from going into atria and collapsing
• A= receive blood vs V= push out blood
o = A= more flexible (elastic fibres) as need to fill up
• Fibrous pericardium stops heart from exploding
o = V= more muscular
how are semilunar vales diff from tri/bi
- SL= moon/cup shaped part of vessel wall itself
* TB= thin (leaflet), + anchors
why is atria more white
as have elastic fibres to allow stretch + less blood flow than v + not as much muscle that requires oxygen
o One part smooth
o One part bumpy (pectinate muscles), near auracles
what is the indent in the right atria
o Foramum ovale (children)
o Fossa ovali (adult), flap of skin folds over with change in pressure and eventually fuses
• Hole in heart: hasn’t closed over= blue baby
where is the septomarginal trabecula and what is it
(moderator band) in right vent
• Function: aids in conduction
• Can be absent, and length and width vary among individuals
how to determine which ventricle chamber it is
- # of papillary muscles determines which chamber:• 2= bicuspid (left)
• 3= tri (right)
Differences between: semilunar valve and aorta (inferior view)
- Semi lunar = cup like vs atrovent =puckered
* Aorta (thicker, coronary arteries stem from) vs pulmonary trunk (thinner, usually posterior)
