Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology II > Cardio: Valvular insufficiencies > Flashcards

Cardio: Valvular insufficiencies Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

concentric hypertrophy

A

aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diastole sounds

A

S2 to S1 (Dub to lub)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stenosis

A

valve doesn’t open like it should

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

opening snap and progression of mitral stenosis

A

as it progresses it closer and closer to the second heart sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ejection - valves

A

Mitral closed, aortic open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

most commonly heard murmur

A

holosystolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what causes heart sounds

A

acceleration and deceleration of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Splitting of the second heart sound

A

inspiration slows pulmonic closure - we can percieve it as two sounds rather than one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Noise

A

unreated frequencies (eg: heart sounds) - no relationship between fundamental frequency and overtones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aortic area

A

right of sternum (left outflow track sounds are on the right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the main cause of low viscosity in patients

A

anemia- low red cell concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pulmonary area

A

left of sternum in 3rd interspace (right outflow sounds are on the left of sternum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Systole sounds

A

S1 to S2 (Lub to dub)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do we normally hear 3rd and 4th Heart sound

A

with amplification - if we can hear them otherwise it ususally means something is wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Murmus in mitral stenosis

A

Opening sound, Early Diastolic murmur, Presystolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Separation Requirement

A

Must be by more than 25 msec to be perceived as two sounds (splitting of the second heart sound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aortic insufficiency

A

Diastolic lesion (heard in diastole) Eccentric hypertrophy (volume overload - heart pumps twice as much as normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reynold Number

A

how we identify the liklihood of turbulence occuring (Re > 2000 = turbulence and murmurs )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pulse and heart sounds

A

Upswing in pulse = Lub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2nd heart sound

A

aortic and pulmonic closure - can split (pulmonic is after aortic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Filling - valves

A

aortic closed, mitral open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tones

A

integral harmonics - related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

insuffiecincy

A

doesn’t close like it should

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Collapsing pulse (water-hammer)

A

some blood goes back across the valve . Rapid diastolic run off, ejection against low preload (jerky pulse - full and then collapses, full and then collapses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
severe mitral stenosis
no contraction of atria due to long cunduction pathway long term = pulmonary hypertension (end up with right and left sided lesion)
26
4th heart sound
Atria contract and get atrial kick- Atrial sound (not enough to hear it very well) - "gallop rhythm"
27
Diastolic lesions
occur in filling state of cardiac cycle = mitral stenosis and aortic insufficiency
28
Systolic defects
valvular state that ought to be present in systole = mitral insuficiency and aortic stenosis
29
Sound travels best through…
stiff structures
30
what causes high Reynold Number
when flow across valve is high and low viscosity and small diameter
31
Early diastole murmur
happens during rapid ventricular flow (high RE)
32
aortic stensosis (PV)
causes pressure overload (pressure axis gets tallker)
33
Anacrotic pulse
pulse rises very slowly- Aortic stenosis
34
excentric hypertrophy
insufficiencies - will widen the PV curve
35
3rd heart sound
rapid ventricular filling (mitral and tricuspid open) - first 1/3 of diastole. Sound from hitting the ventricular wall "Gallop rhythm" - normally don’t hear it (sometimes young adults)
36
RVE vs LVE
RVE starts first and ends last
37
1st heart sound
mitral and tricuspid closure
38
what pressures disturbed in mitral stenosis
atrial and ventricular pressures - as it progresses you get atrial distention
39
High heart rate
Systole and diastole moves to 50/50 rather then 1/3 to 2/3
40
Mitral stenosis progression
diastolic disorder ( we hear it during diastole)
41
Murmur cause
turbulent flow (nonlaminar flow)
42
mitral area
apical area in 5th interpace (left)
43
Auxillary mumor mitral insufficncy
occurs in DIASTOLE- much more rapid ventricular filling than usual due to regurgitation (high RN) = off cycle flow murmur
44
intensity on auscultation
high intesnity have high amplitude- easy to hear (moving large differences), shallow vibrations are less intense
45
regurgitation and incompetence
insufficienceys - blood blacks up because the valve didn’t close
46
Tricuspic valve
left lower sternal edge
47
Good attenuators (dampeners) in the body
Fat and inflated lungs
48
high frequency sound
low mass/elastance ratio
49
low frequency sound
high mass/elastance ratio
50
opneing sound (mitral valve stenosis)
snapping of the leaflet (snap) - slightly later than second heart sound and occurs on inspiration and expiration
51
Aortic stenosis murmur
Creciendo decreciendo murmur (up and down in intensity)
52
which lesion has no change in PV area
mitral valve stenosis
53
Duration of sound
How long was it? soft tissue attenuate (dampen) sound quickly
54
Mitral valve insuficiency
Systolic lesion (hear murmur during systole) MC murmur = holosystolic murmur . Eccentric hypertrophy (volume overload- like all insufficiencies)
55
which valves open in systole
mitral and atrial
56
holosystolic murmor
all through systolole starts after lub and continues to dub
57
Aortic stenosis
Systolic lesion. Disrupts relationship between aortic and ventricular pressure (tiny pin hole - have to try and push blood through) = Concentric hypertrophy - high pressure in aota
58
duration requirement
takes 1 s after onset to perceive full intensity (in heart sound time 60 bpm = lub every 1 second) = Never hearing them at full amplitude (brain cant keep up)
59
1st heart sound and mitral stenosis
gets louder and slightly delayed to QRS
60
Presystolic murmur
loose the atrial kick - atria distends in mitral stenosis

Physiology II (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions