Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Circulatory > Cardio-Vascular System > Flashcards

Cardio-Vascular System Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the functions of the cardio-vascular system?

A

To transport essential foodstuffs eg, oxygen, water, enzymes and hormones to the cells of the body.

To remove the waste products that are produced by cell metabolism to the excretory organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the CV System?

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the divisions of the CV System?

A

Systemic
Pulmonary
Coronary
Portal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Systemic circulation?

A

It deals with the passage of blood around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Pulmonary circulation?

A

It deals with the passage of blood through the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Coronary circulation?

A

It deals with the supple of blood to the heart muscle itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Hepatic Portal circulation?

A

It deals with the supply of blood to and from the liver.

It is a branch of the systemic circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Lymphatic system?

A

It is a system of vessels similar to the capillaries and works with the main circulatory system.
It also assists in the removal of waste from body tissue, and the transportation of nutrients, and fighting infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the structure of the heart?

A

The heart is a hollow cone-shaped muscular organ.

It is the size of the owners clenched fist in an average adult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Location of the heart?

A

It is situated within the thoracic cavity.
It lies in the mediastinum (middle of chest) behind the sternum, in front of the spine, between the lungs and above the diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 sections of the heart?

A

Base (top of heart) Behind the sternum in the midline and extends to the 2nd rib.
Apex (bottom of heart) Approx 9cm to the left of the midline, in the mid-clavicular line at the 5th intercostal space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall called?

A

Pericardium (outer layer)
Myocardium (muscle/middle layer)
Endocardium (inner layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the pericardium layer do?

A

Supports and protects the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium layer called?

A

Pericardium (outer parietal layer)

Epicardium (inner visceral layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is in between the inner and outer layers of the pericardium layer?

A

Potential space with a thin film of serous fluid in it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does myocardium mean?

A

The heart muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the myocardium layer?

A

It is the middle layer and forms the biggest part of the heart wall, being thickest in the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the endocardium layer?

A

Thin membrane of endothelial cells lining the inside of the heart wall and is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does automaticity mean?

A

The ability to generate its own electric currant. So the heart can beat independently of its environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the valve called between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the valve called between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the inter-atria septum?

A

A dividing wall of tissue which separates the right and left atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the interventricular septum?

A

A dividing wall of tissue which separates the right and left ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the valves of the heart?
Pulmonary Aortic Tricuspid Bicuspid (Mitral)
26
What is the electrical conduction system?
Specialised cardiac cells that produce electrical impulses to cause the heart to contract.
27
What are the specialised cells that are built into the wall of the heart?
``` Sing-Arial node (SA) - natural pace maker, produces electrical impulse to contract the atria. Atrio-Ventricular node (AV) - gate keeper, produces electrical impulse to contract the ventricles via the bundle of his into the Left and Right bundle branches which continue into the Conduction pathways (purkinje fibres) ```
28
What does ECG stand for?
Electro cardio gram
29
What is the isoelectric line on an ECG?
It is the straight line through an ECG.
30
What is the P Wave on an ECG?
It is the representation firing of the SA Node and contraction of the atrium.
31
What Is the QRS Complex on an ECG?
It is the representation firing of the AV Node and contraction of the ventricles.
32
What is the T Wave on an ECG?
It is the complete relaxation of the atrium and ventricles which is called Repolarisation. Basically the pause before the process starts again.
33
What is the cardiac cycle?
0.1 sec Atrial Systole 0.3 sec Ventricular Systole 0.4 sec Diastole So 0.8 sec in all for the cardiac cycle which is 1 heart beat.
34
What is the definition for blood pressure?
This is the force or pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels by the blood. This pressure is higher in the arteries than in the veins.
35
What is Systole?
It's the left ventricle contracting through the aorta valve into the aorta Systolic = Left Ventricle
36
What is Diastole?
This is the rest period of the heart between the systole contractions Diastolic = resting
37
What is the normal blood pressure of an average adult?
Systolic 120 = _____ Diastolic 80
38
What is pulse pressure?
This is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
39
What is Cardiac Output?
``` Stroke volume(sv) x Heart rate(hr) = Cardiac output(co) ```
40
What are the 2 components of the nervous control?
Sympathetic - speeds up heart rate | Parasympathetic - slows down heart rate
41
What is the difference between afferent and efferent regarding nerves?
``` Afferent = from the organ to the brain Efferent = from the brain to the organ ```
42
Name 5 arteries where you can take a pulse?
``` Temporal - head Carotid - neck Brachial - crease of arm Radial - wrist Dorsalis pedis - foot ```
43
What is the normal heart rate for an adult?
60-100 bpm
44
What is the normal heart rate for a 6-12 year old?
100-120 bpm
45
What is the normal heart rate for a 1-5 year old?
120-140 bpm
46
What is the heart rate for 1 month-1 year old?
140-160 bpm
47
What are the factors that increase heart rate?
``` Position Age/sex Exercise Cardiac/medical conditions Shock and blood loss Drugs/chemicals ```
48
What are the factors that decrease heart rate?
``` Age General health Vagal stimulation Cardiac conditions Medical conditions Drugs ```
49
What is bradycardia?
This is a slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm
50
What is tachycardia?
This is a rapid/fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm
51
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
``` Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins ```
52
What are the 3 layers of all blood vessels?
``` Tunica adventitia (outer fibrous shealth) Tunica media (middle layer of muscle and elastic fibre) Tunica intima (smooth inner lining of endothelium) ```
53
What is the function of an artery?
They carry blood away from the heart.
54
What is the function of arterioles and venules?
They dilate or contract to control the blood flow into and out of the capillary bed.
55
What is the function of the capillaries?
They allow for the interchange of gases and transfer of nutrients and waste products.
56
What is the function of veins?
They carry blood back to the heart, and some have valves to prevent back-flow of blood.
57
What is venous return
It is the effective return of blood to the heart via the veins.
58
What are the 4 factors that assist in venous return?
Position of the body - laying flat Muscular contraction - walking about (circulation) Respiratory movements - ribs up and out, diaphragm flattens makes negative pressure which in turn sucks deoxygenated blood back up the body to the heart. Suction of the heart.
59
What are the functions of blood?
``` Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide Carry nutrients and water Carry waste products Protects body from infection Sealing of wounds (clotting) Distributes the secretion of glands Distributes heat ```
60
What is the composition of blood?
Liquid - plasma 55% Solid - erythrocytes (red blood cells) carries oxygen - leucocytes (white blood cells) protector - thrombocytes (platelets) clotting 45%
61
What is plasma mostly made of?
Water - 90%
62
What are erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
``` Minute, disc-shaped bodies, concave on both sides Produced in the bone marrow No nucleus Contains a protein called haemoglobin Great affinity (attraction) for oxygen 5 million per cubic mm approx Survives around 120 days ```
63
What are leucocytes (white blood cells)?
``` Larger than red blood cells Has a nucleus Transparent in colour Produced in red bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph glands Some are able to move 8000 per cubic mm 3 main types ```
64
What are thrombocytes (platelets)?
``` Smaller than red blood cells No nucleus Produced in bone marrow Survive between 8-11 days Important role in the control of bleeding and the clotting process ```
65
What is the blood type for a universal donor?
O-
66
What is the blood type for a universal recipient?
AB+
67
What are the 4 stages of blood clotting?
1. Damaged platelets release the enzyme Thrombokinase around site of injury. 2. Thrombokinase, calcium salts and prothrombokinase (plasma protein) all combined to form an activating enzyme called Thrombin. 3. Thrombin converts fibrinogen (plasma protein) into fibrin threads. 4. Fibrin threads entrap blood cells and bind them to the tissues to form a clot.

Circulatory (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions