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Sys Path 300 > Cardio Vascular Sytem > Flashcards

Cardio Vascular Sytem Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What’s the difference btw Primary and Secondary Hypertension

A

Primary = idiopathic

Secondary = cause by another pathology; vascular dis., endocrine/adrenal disorders, hyperthyroid,prgranace, cocaine, NSAIDS, birth control pills

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2
Q

Contributing factors of HVD (hypertensive vascular disease)

A
  • abnormal Na+ transport

- Severe prolonged hypertension = accelerates atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Hypertension causes

A
  • increased cardiac output
  • increased peripheral vascular resistance
  • overtime severe HT can damage cardio sys, brain, and kidneys
  • accelerates devel. of atherosclerosis
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4
Q

Dx of Hypertensive Vasc. Disease

A

Spygmomanometer

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5
Q

Tx of HVD

A
  • weight loss
  • aerobic exercise
  • meds: vaso dialators, ACE inhibitors, Ca+ antagonists, diuretics
  • diet - decrease alcohol, fat, caffeine salt
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6
Q

Prognosis (effects) of Hypertensive VD

A
  • the higher BP the more damage, esp. if if affects any organs
  • CAD most common form of death if left untreated
  • ## stroke is common if untreated
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7
Q

Define Hypertension

A

Persist. elevation of Diastolic BP and Systolic BP

Measured on 2 seperate times at least 2 wks apart

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8
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue/purple coloration of skin from low oxygen to the tissues

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9
Q

Phlebitis

A

condition in which the vein becomes inflammed

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10
Q

Raynaud’s

A 
vasomotor disorder
affects fingers except thumbs
Related to Buergers & CT
1* idiopathic
2* related to other diseases/conditions
Dx - 2 yrs symptoms w no other underlying cond.
wmn>
B.V.s constrict - lowers O2, cyanosis, cold - vessels relax, increase Blood, warm/flush
Blue - White - Red
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11
Q

What are the 3 disorders of veins?

A

CVI - chronic vein insufficiency

Varicose Veins

Venous Thrombosis, Thrombophlebitis, Phlebothrombitis

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12
Q

Phlebothrombitis

A

inflam of a vein predisposing person to clot formation

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13
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

partial/complete occlusion of vein by clot with 2* inflam reaction in wall of vein

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14
Q

3rd most common CV disease?

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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15
Q

Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

A

3rd most common cause of death
caused by smoking, birth control, venous stasis, surgery, genetics

trauma to endothelium of vein initiates clotting factor, platelets adhere to vessel walls and attract fibrin, leukocytes, erythrocytes

thrombus, or embolus (once it breaks free and is floating around)

Dx’d by ultrasound, blood test, s/s

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16
Q

venous stasis

A

slow blood flow, especially in the legs

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17
Q

disorders of small vessels (4)

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A

Telangiectasia
Frostbite
Diabetic microangiopathy - retinopathy, neuropathy, nephrropathy
Decompression sickness - type 1 & 2 (severe)

18
Q

Decompression Sickness
“the bends”
cassion disease

Study These Flashcards
A

rapid pressure reduction causes dissolved gases in blood to bubble out (N2) - Henry’s Law - solubility of gas is directly proportionate to the pressure it’s under

bubbles block vessels, rupture tissue,activate clotting cascades.
Tissue with high lipid content are susceptible as N2 absorbs readily in fat - CNS- central nervous system

Type 1 - pain in joints & mm
Type 2 - severe- neurologic and respitory loss, Pulmonary Embolism can occur and be fatal

Dx-O2 chamber - 80% recovery rate

19
Q

Diabetic Microangiopathy

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A

Caused by prolonged hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, microvascular disease causes kidney failure, blindness, and neuropathy (peripheral nerve damage).

20
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

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A

most common cause of adult blindness

causes retinal detachment

21
Q

Diabetic Neuropathy

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A

nerve ischemia, direct effect of hyperglycemia on neurons

Nerves don’t get enough glucose

22
Q

Diabetic Nephropathy

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A

number 1 cause of renal failure

causedby sclerosis and fibrosis in the kidney b/c of hemodynamic changes from Diabetis

23
Q

Telangiectasia

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A

“Spider Veins”
cosmetic, on fave and thighs
cause by dilation of sm blood vessels

24
Q

Frostbite

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A

0 to -2* BVs close in skin to conserve body heat and shunt blood to core
ice crystals form in tissue and expand extracellular spaces, causing tissue rupture and enzyme activity

necrosis occurs in prolonged cold temps

25
aneurysm
abnormal stretching over 50% of artery, vein or heart 1. aortic-most common-thoracic +abdominal (renal & iliac branches) 2. mycotic - bacterial infection of syphillis/salmonella 3. Atherosclerotic - fatty deposits on inner wall of arteries With time they become fibrotic, BP force can cause rupture
26
Polyarteritis Nodosa
inflam + destructive lesions in arterial system present in IV drug users affects heart, liver, kidneys, GI tract, mm, testes pericarditid, myocarditis, arrythmias, myocardial infarction Tx - meds -cortico steroids
27
"Buergers Disease" | thromboangiitis /obliterans
present in Raynaud's - wmn> vasculitis in peripheral BV - extremities, hand + feet idiopathic present in men who smoke heavily thin shiny hairless skin from constant ischemia deminished/absent tibial + dorsal pedis pulses
28
peripheral vascular disease
any disease of circulatory sys outside of brain or heart intermittent claudication - pain with excersize, non at rest men>
29
vasculitis
inflam of a blood vessel, affects organ or system including PNS arteritis - inflam of artery infective arteritis - inflam of artery due to infection rheumatoid arteritis - inflam associated with RHD
30
Giant Cell Arteritis
Most common vasculitis - affects cranial/temporal arteries affects elderly wmn can cause irreversible blindness absent radial pulses
31
Ateriosclerosis 3 types
group of diseases caused by thickening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls - hardenig/clogged arteries 1. Atherosclerosis - plaque + fat in inner layer (tunica intima) most common 2. Monckeberg's - affects middle layer, destruction of mm + elastic fibers with Calcium deposits age related, elderly 3. Arteriolosclerosis - thickening of walls in small arterioles
32
Atherosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis thickening of arterial wall de accum of lipids, macrophages, lymphcytes, smooth mm,calcium, necrotic debris erosion of artery wall triggers thrombotic process damage from LDL cholesterols and free radicals can also be coronary disease, peripheral vasc disease, or cerebrovascular disease
33
Dysrhythmias (5)
1. Atrial fibrilation (AF) - rapid uncontrolled heart beats 2. Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) - invol uncoordinated mm contractions of ventrical mm 3. Heart Block (AV block) - interuption of impulses through heart electrical system - pacemaker 4. Ectopic Beats - activation of heart that originates outside SA node 5. Paroxysmal Tachycardia - begins/ends suddenly abnormal rapid heart beat
34
Tachyardia= Bradycardia=
T=greater than 100 bpm ---------------------------------normal B= less than 60 bpm
35
Most common form of Pulmonary Embolism
Illiofemeral - 50%
36
diastolic BP= | systolic BP=
Diastolic = higher than 90mm Hg Systolic = higher than 140mm Hg - predicts cardiovascular events better Measure in 2 separate occasions at least 2 wks apart
37
Congenital Disorders of the heart
Septal defects - most comon occurs informen ovale (atrial) defect between left & right ventricular - most common and most serious Pressure in L heart chamber exceeds right, blood flows to R=R side hypertrophy increased blood to pulmonary arteries=pulmonary HT blood that flow to L is deoxyginated=cyanosis
38
Tetralogy of Fallot
Stenosis (narrowing) of pulmonary artery Ventricular septal defect dextroposition of aorta hypertrophy of R ventrical
39
Patent Ductus Arteriosis
Ductus arteriosis remains open at birth and ligamentum arteriosum dosen't develop premature infants Tx's with drugs and surgery
40
Coarctation of the Aorta
localized congenital malformation of the Aorta (too narrow) | L Ventricle is forced to pump harder and HT develops
41
Rheumatic Fever + Heart Disease
Strep infection immunological, antibodies develop against own tissues heart disease, scarring/deform of heart valves
42
Endocarditis
Bacterial infection - staph & strep IV drugs users occurs most often on L side of heart(mitral/aortic valve) - more serious more common R side more treatable nidus verrucous septic emboli

Sys Path 300 (2 decks)

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