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AMC XU Batch > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

BP > 220/140mmHg
(+) Acute Target Organ Damage

Diagnosis and Management?

A

Hypertensive Emergency

ICU admission

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2
Q

BP cut-off for Hypertensive Emergency

A

> 220/140

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3
Q

BP cut-off for Hypertensive Urgency?

A

> 180/110

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4
Q

BP > 180/110
(+) moderate target organ damage

Diagnosis and Management?

A

Hypertensive Urgency
Oral Medications
ffup with 24 - 72hrs

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5
Q

Eligible group where Australian CVD risk calculator used for primary prevention

A

> 45 Australian Adults
35 ATSI
with no known CVD

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6
Q

Phaeochromocytoma symptoms in secondary hypertension

A

Frequent headaches
Sweating
Palpitations

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7
Q

Sleep apnoea symptoms in secondary hypertension

A

Obesity * must be present
Snoring
Daytime sleepiness (poor school performance for children)

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8
Q

Hypokalaemia symptoms in secondary hypertension

A 
Muscle weakness
Hypotonia
Muscle tetany
Cramps
Cardiac arrythmias
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9
Q

Causes of secondary hypertension

A 
S leep apnea
H ypokalemia
P haeochromocytoma
R ecreational drugs
T hyroid disease
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10
Q

Microalbuminuria ACR levelsa

A

Male 2.5 - 25 mg/mmol

Female 3.5 - 35 mg/mmol

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11
Q

Macroalbuminuria ACR levels

A

Males > 25 mg/mmol

Females > 35 mg/mmol

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12
Q

Microalbuminura Albumin excretion levels

A

30-300 mg/day

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13
Q

Macroalbuminuria Albumin excretion levels

A

> 300 mg/day

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14
Q

Microalbuminuria PCR levels

A

Male 4 - 40 mg/mmol

Female 6 - 60 mg/mmol

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15
Q

Macroalbuminuria PCR levels

A

Male > 40 mg/mmol

Female > 60 mg/mmol

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16
Q

Microalbuminuria Protein excretion levels

A

50 - 500 mg/day

Trace to +1 reagent strip

17
Q

Macroalbuminuria Protein excretion/day

A

> 500 mg/day

> /= + 1 reagent strip

18
Q

Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:

Physical activity 18-64yo

A

150 - 300min/week moderate intensity
75 - 150min/week vigorous activity

Muscle strengthening activities at least 2 days/week

19
Q

Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:

Weight control

A

Waist circumference:
< 94 cm males
< 90 cm Asian males
< 80 cm females

20
Q

Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:

Physical activity requiring medical review and supervised physical activity

A 
Unstable angina
BP >/= 180/100
Uncontrolled HF or cardiomyopathy
MI within last 3 mos
Severe aortic stenosis
Resting bradycardia or arrythmias
Chest discomfort or SOB at rest or low activity
Diabetes with poor glycemic control
21
Q

Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:

Salt intake for primary prevention

A

Salt = 6g/day

22
Q

Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:

Alcohol intake

A

No more than 2 standard drinks on any day.

No more than 4 SD on any occasion.

23
Q

Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:

Salt intake for secondary prevention

A

Salt = 4g/day

24
Q

Anti-hypertensive drug that prevents onset of nephropathy, CHD, and reduce DM mortality in hypertension.

A

ACE inhibitors

25
Q

Anti-hypertensive drug better in preventing kidney failure in advanced DM nephropathy

A

ARBs

26
Q

Drug superior in preventing HF in hypertensives

A

Diuretics

27
Q

Drug superior in preventing stroke and all cause mortality in hypertension

A

Calcium channel blockers

28
Q

First-line drugs for treatment of Hypertension

A

Thiazide diuretics
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Calcium channel blockers

29
Q

Low absolute CVD risk (<10% 5year risk) with persistent BP >/= 160/100mmhg

Management?

A

Start antihypertensive therapy

30
Q

Moderate absolute CVD risk (10-15% 5 year risk) with persistent BP >/= 140/90.

Management?

A

Start antihypertensive therapy

31
Q

Target BP for uncomplicated hypertension

A

< 140/90 mmHg

32
Q

Target BP for high CV risk population

A

< 120 mmHg systolic

33
Q

Start treatment, if patient with moderate CVD risk 10-15% with any of the ff

A

Persistent BP >/= 160/100mmHg
Family Hx of premature CVD
ATSI

34
Q

Moderate CVD risk (10-15%) with BP of 130/85 - 139/90

Management?

A

Review BP in 6 months

35
Q

Low CVD risk (<10%) with persistent BP >/= 160/100 mmHg

Management?

A

Start antihypertensive therapy

36
Q

Low CVD risk <10% + SBP 140-159 mmHg

Management?

A

Review BP after 2 months lifestyle advice

37
Q

Contraindications for ACEI/ARB

A

Pregnancy
Angioedema
Hyperkalemia
Bilateral renal artery stenosis

38
Q

Contraindications for diuretics

A

Gout

Age

39
Q

Contraindications for Beta Blockers

A

Asthma
Bradycardia
AV block (grade 2 or 3)
Uncontrolled heart failure

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