Cardiology

Question 1

Name the left atrioventricular valve

Answer 1

Mitral valve, or bicuspid

Question 2

Name the right atrioventricular valve

Answer 2

Tricuspid valve

Question 3

Is the mitral valve bicuspid or tricuspid?

Answer 3

Bicuspid

Question 4

Blood returning to the right atrium from the periphery has about __ O2 saturation

Answer 4

70%

Question 5

The semilunar valves are both (bicuspid or tricuspid)

Answer 5

tricuspid

Question 6

The __ valve connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Answer 6

pulmonary valve

Question 7

The __ valve connects the left ventricle to the ascending aorta

Answer 7

aortic valve

Question 8

Valves prevent __

Answer 8

backflow/regurgitation

Question 9

The __ artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood

Answer 9

pulmonary artery

Question 10

The __ veins are the only veins carrying oxygenated blood

Answer 10

pulmonary veins

Question 11

The __ vena cava delivers deoxygenated blood from the legs, abdominal organs, and lower body to the right atrium

Answer 11

inferior vena cava

Question 12

Common cardiac symptoms of Down Syndrome include __ and __

Answer 12

AV canal defect and VSD

Question 13

The primary cardiac symptom of Duchenne’s Muscular dystrophy is __

Answer 13

cardiomyopathy

Question 14

The primary cardiac symptoms of Marfan syndrome are __ and ___

Answer 14

Aortic aneurism or aortic and/or mitral valve regurgitation

Question 15

(term) the amount of blood discharged from the L or R ventricle per minute

Answer 15

Cardiac Output - CO

Question 16

(term) the amount of blood ejected by the Left Ventricle with each heart beat

Answer 16

Stroke volume - SV

Question 17

The formula for Cardiac Output

Answer 17

CO = SV X HR

Question 18

The most accurate way to measure cardiac output in children

Answer 18

Fick calculation

Question 19

HLHS (abbrev)

Answer 19

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Question 20

TGA (abbrev)

Answer 20

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Question 21

ASO (surgical abbrev)

Answer 21

Arterial Switch Operation

Question 22

Peripheral edema in babies and toddlers may present in these areas:

Answer 22

eyes, hands, feet, fontanels

Question 23

If CHF is caused by poor contractility, it may be treated with this class of medications

Answer 23

positive inotropes (Digoxin/lanoxin, dopamine drugs)

Question 24

If CHF is caused by increased preload, it may be treated with this class of medications

Answer 24

diuretics (Lasix/furosemide, HCTZ)

Question 25

If CHF is caused by increased afterload, it may be treated with this class of medications

Answer 25

vasodilators (enalapril/vasotec, captopril/Capoten)

Question 26

Fluid restriction is (rarely/often) recommended in Peds

Answer 26

rarely

Question 27

Congenital Heart Defects occur in __% of all pregnancies and 1 in ___ live births

Answer 27

1% of all pregnancies, 1 in 170 live births

Question 28

chronic hypoxia results in __ fingers

Answer 28

clubbed

Question 29

chronic hypoxia may result in clubbed fingers and ___

Answer 29

polycythemia

Question 30

polycythemia is increased production of ___

Answer 30

RBCs - red blood cells

Question 31

Polycythemia results in __ blood, increasing risk of thrombus

Answer 31

thick

Question 32

Hgb (abbrev)

Answer 32

Hemoglobin

Question 33

Hg > 15 g/dL

Answer 33

polycythemia

Question 34

Children with __ may present with poor growth, ShOB, and exercise intolerance

Answer 34

CHF

Question 35

Babies/toddlers with ___ may present with poor feeding, poor growth, irritability, ShOB, or excessive sweating

Answer 35

CHF

Question 36

Advanced stages of __ in infants/children may result in peripheral edema or an enlarged liver

Answer 36

CHF

Question 37

(disease) cardiac muscle becomes dilates, hypertrophied, stiff, or inflamed

Answer 37

cardiomyopathy - CM

Question 38

The 3 types of cardiomyopathy are:

Answer 38

dilated, hypertrophic, or restrictive

Question 39

The most common form of cardiomyopathy is

Answer 39

dilated - DCM

Question 40

The least common form of cardiomyopathy is

Answer 40

restrictive - RCM

Question 41

This type of CM is defined by having enlargement of all 4 cardiac chambers

Answer 41

DCM

Question 42

DCM is caused by __

Answer 42

toxins - chemotherapy, nutritional disorders, microbes, bacteria, viruses, immunological defects

Question 43

This form of cardiomyopathy is usually familial

Answer 43

HCM

Question 44

This form of cardiomyopathy results in a hyperdynamic pump but poor ventricular filling

Answer 44

HCM

Question 45

In this form of CM, ventricular walls refuse to relax but are normal in size; atria may be enlarged

Answer 45

RCM

Question 46

This form of cardiomyopathy is not treated with diuretics and inotropic meds

Answer 46

HCM

Question 47

Carvedilol's med class

Answer 47

Beta blocker

Question 48

Carvedilol will __ HR and BP but __ stroke volume (SV)

Answer 48

decrease, increase

Question 49

Carvedilol will (improve, reduce) renal blood flow

Answer 49

improve

Question 50

Often, individuals who suffer rheumatic fever as children require __ replacement in life

Answer 50

valve replacement

Question 51

Valve replacement lasts __ to __ years

Answer 51

5-10 years

Question 52

(abbrev) ASD

Answer 52

Atrial Septal Defect

Question 53

(abbrev) VSD

Answer 53

Ventricular Septal Defect

Question 54

(abbrev) PDA

Answer 54

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 55

(abbrev) PS

Answer 55

Pulmonic stenosis

Question 56

(abbrev) AVC

Answer 56

Atrioventricular canal defect

Question 57

(abbrev) CoA

Answer 57

Coarctation of the Aorta

Question 58

(abbrev) AS or AVS

Answer 58

Aortic Stenosis or Aortic Valve Stenosis

Question 59

(abbrev) TOF

Answer 59

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 60

HTN is (common/uncommon) in children

Answer 60

uncommon

Question 61

Peds HTN has highest prevalence in (race)

Answer 61

African Americans

Question 62

HTN in peds may indicate

Answer 62

kidney disease, CoA, LVH, early onset familial HTN

Question 63

Child post-stent must be monitored for increasing ___ ____

Answer 63

pulse pressure

Question 64

Aldosterone promotes __ and __ retention

Answer 64

water and sodium

Question 65

the catecholamines

Answer 65

epi and norepi

Question 66

Cardiac Output X Systemic Vascular Resistance = ___

Answer 66

MAP Mean Arterial Pressure

Question 67

Increased Na+ retention leads to release of __ by pituitary gland

Answer 67

ADH

Question 68

ADH promotes __ retention and __ BP

Answer 68

water retention and increased BP

Question 69

The 3 stages of shock are

Answer 69

compensatory, progressive, irreversible

Question 70

normal pulse pressure

Answer 70

30-40 mmHg

Question 71

Intropin (drug name)

Answer 71

Dopamine

Question 72

Dobutrex (drug name)

Answer 72

Dobutamine

Question 73

ecchymoses

Answer 73

bruises