Cardiology

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

Look, feel and listen to your chest and pulses

Question 2

Exposure

Answer 2

Waist up

Question 3

Position

Answer 3

45 degrees

Question 4

Normal rate

Answer 4

60-100bpm

Question 5

> 100bpm

Answer 5

Tachycardia

Question 6

<60bpm

Answer 6

Bradycardia

Question 7

Where palpate radial pulse

Answer 7

Between distal end of radius, and lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle (and brachioradialis)

Question 8

Where palpate common carotid pulse

Answer 8

Medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and lateral to the thyroid cartilage

Question 9

Where palpate ulnar pulse

Answer 9

Distal end of forearm, lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 10

Where palpate brachial pulse

Answer 10

Cubital fossa
or
?

Question 11

What can you comment on only with carotid pulse

Answer 11

Character and volume

Question 12

Where do you palpate the apex beat

Answer 12

5th IC space, mid-clavicular line

Question 13

What does lateral displacement of the apex beat indicate

Answer 13

Cardiomegaly

Question 14

What is a positive sign for heaves

Answer 14

Heel of hand will lift up with each heartbeat

Question 15

What is the cause of a positive heaves

Answer 15

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 16

What is a thrill

Answer 16

A palpable murmur

Question 17

Where do you listen for the aortic valve

Answer 17

R 2nd ICS next to sternum

Question 18

Where do you listen for the pulmonary valve

Answer 18

L 2nd ICS next to sternum

Question 19

Where do you listen for the tricuspid valve

Answer 19

L 5th ICS next to sternum

Question 20

Where do you listen for the mitral valve

Answer 20

L 5th ICS at mid-clavicular line (= apex beat)

Question 21

What is the surface anatomy of the aortic arch

Answer 21

Starts and end at level of sternal angle at the 2nd ICS

Question 22

Describe the borders of the heart

Answer 22

Upper - 3rd CC 1cm from sternal border to 2nd ICS
Right - 6th CC 1cm from sternal border to 3rd ICS 1cm from sternal border
Lower - 5th ICS MC line (apex beat) to 6th CC 1cm from sternal border
Left - 2nd ICS to 5th ICS at MC line (apex beat)

Question 23

Describe the surface anatomy of the jugular vein

Answer 23

Lateral to common carotid artery (Sternoclavicular joint to right ear lobe)

Question 24

Describe aortic stenosis murmur

Answer 24

Ejection systolic murmur

Question 25

Where does aortic stenosis murmur radiate to

Answer 25

Carotid arteries

Question 26

When is aortic stenosis murmur loudest

Answer 26

On expiration

Question 27

What is the accentuating manoeuvre for aortic stenosis murmur

Answer 27

Patient lean forward and breath out

Question 28

Describe aortic regurgitation

Answer 28

Early diastolic

Question 29

Where does aortic regurgitation murmur radiate to

Answer 29

No radiating sounds

Question 30

When is aortic regurgitation murmur loudest

Answer 30

On expiration

Question 31

What is the accentuating manoeuvre for aortic regurgitation murmur

Answer 31

Patient lean forward and breath out

Question 32

Describe mitral stenosis

Answer 32

Mid-diastolic

Question 33

Where does mitral stenosis murmur radiate to

Answer 33

Left axilla

Question 34

When is mitral stenosis murmur loudest

Answer 34

On expiration

Question 35

What is the accentuating manoeuvre for mitral stenosis murmur

Answer 35

Lean on their left and breathe out

Question 36

Describe mitral regurgitatiom

Answer 36

Pan-systolic murmur

Question 37

Where does mitral regurgitation murmur radiate to

Answer 37

Left axilla

Question 38

When is mitral regurgitation murmur loudest

Answer 38

On expiration

Question 39

What is the accentuating manoeuvre for mitral regurgitation murmur

Answer 39

Lean on their left and breathe out

Question 40

What leads give a lateral view

Answer 40

I, aVL, V5, V6

Question 41

What leads give an inferior view

Answer 41

II, III aVF

Question 42

What leads give a septal view

Answer 42

V1, V2

Question 43

What leads give an anterior view

Answer 43

V3, V4