cardiology

Question 1

normal high blood pressure

Answer 1

90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg

Question 2

what is hypertension (numbers)

Answer 2

≥140/90 mmHg

Question 3

hypertension is mostly idiopathic but what are the common causes

Answer 3

renal
obesity
pregnancy
endocrine

(ROPE)

Question 4

how can hypothyroidism cause htn

Answer 4

due to fluid retention

Question 5

1st line drug management for htn

Answer 5

ACEi or ARB (DM2, <55yrs, not of black African or afro-Caribbean origin)

CCB (w/o DM2, >55yrs, black African or afro-Caribbean origin)

Question 6

2nd line drug management for htn

Answer 6

ACEi/ ARB and CCB/ thiazide (DM2, <55yrs, not of black African or afro-Caribbean origin)

CCB and ACEi/ ARB/ thiazide-like diuretic (w/o DM2, >55yrs, black African or afro-Caribbean origin)

Question 7

investigations for HTN

Answer 7

bp - 24hr bp
fundoscopy - retinopathy
urine dipstick - renal disease
ECG - ihd
bloods - U&Es, HbA1c, lipids