Cardiology Flashcards
(41 cards)
What common drugs should be avoided in HF?
CCBs
Systolic above what requires immediate treatment?
- Bonus point for diastolic
180
- 120
What can statins not be given with?
Macrolides (Azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin)
What is electrical alterans?
What condition is it associated with?
Alternating QRS amplitude on ECG
- Associated with pericardial effusion -> cardiac tamponade
How many layers does the pericardium have?
3
- Visceral
- Serous
- Fibrous
What is caridiac tamponade?
Name and describe the triad associated with the condition
Accumulation of pericardial fluid under pressure
- Becks triad: Hypotension, Raised JVP, Muffled heart sounds
What is pulsus paradoxus?
Abnormally large drop in BP during inspiration
- Tamponade (also: asthma, copd, CHF, tension pneumothorax)
How may you differnetiate LV aneurysm and LV free wall rupture?
- Free wall rupture is worse and usually occurs 1-2 weeks after, aneurysm slightly earlier
- Both have HF, rupture more acute
- Rupture has cardiac tamponade -> pulsus paradoxus, raised JVP, diminished HS
- Ruture needs urgent pericardiocentesis and thoracotomy
- Aneurysm not painful wall rupture is
- Aneurysm requires anticoagulation
Describe the features of Ventricular septal defect post-MI
- Usually 1st week post MI, 1-2% of patients
- Acute HF
- Pansystolic murmur
How is a Ventricular septal defect post-MI diagnosed and treated?
Echo (signs similar to MR)
- Surgery
Describe the features of Mitral regurgitation post-MI
Acute hypotension and pulmonary oedema may occur
- Early-to-mid systolic murmur
When should you advise to take statins?
Last thing in the evening
Warfarin rules
What is the first thing to look for in bundle branch block?
Increased QRS (>0.12, 3 small squares)
HS, 3rd 4th, all valvular
What electrolyte abnormalities cause Long QT?
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypokalaemia
- Hypomagnesaemia
What clinic and ambulatory BP are considered stage 2 hypertension?
- Clinic BP 160/100
- Ambulatory: 150/95
At what dose is adenosine given initially?
6 mg
At what dose is atropine given initially?
500 micrograms
When would ticagrelor be given solely for an MI?
NSTEMI (GRACE <=3%)
What drugs are given alongside and after fibrinolysis?
- Antithrombin at same time
- Following give Ticagrelor
What drugs are given with PCI?
- Give prasugrel and unfractionated heparin
- If STEMI bailout: GpIIb/IIIa may be given (like abciximab)
If PCI is done through femoral instead of radial what drug is used instead of Unfractionated heparin?
Bivalirudin (direct thrombin inhibitor)
What kind of drugs are diltiazem and verapamil?
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs
