Cardiology Flashcards
(21 cards)
Initial treatment for supra ventricular tachycardias
Metoprolol, verapamil and Adenosine
Initial treatment for stable ventricular tachycardia
IV amiodarone!!!
Treatment for myocardial infarct or unstable angina: initial and others
Initial: aspirin, nitroglycerin, oxygen.
Other: beta blocker, clopidogrel, heparin (infractionated or low molecular weight) and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor. And ACEi or ARB should be given as well
Morphine should be given to control pain also help with breathing
What population is at risk for silent MI
Diabetic patients with neuropathy
Who should receive endocarditis prophylaxis with dental procedures
Prosthetic cardiac valves, previous infectious endocarditis, congenital heart disease and cardiac transplant patients who develop valvulopathy
An antibiotic for prophylaxis should be administered in a single dose before the procedure. Amoxicillin is the preferred choice.
Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
Amyliodosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis or myocardial fibroelastosis
Treatment for Constrictive pericarditis
Remove the pericardium
Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
ABCD
Alcohol, beriberi (thiamine), coxaskie, doxorubicin
What should you do avoid is first-degree block
Avoid beta blockers and calcium channel blocker both can slow conduction
Treatment for Mobitz type 1; type 2
Give atropine or pacemaker in type 1
All type 2 require pacemaker
Treatment for 3rd degree block
Pacemaker
Treatment for WPW
Procainamde and quinine
WPW is proclaimed queen of arrhythmias
Treatment for Ventricular tachycardia
If stable give amiodarone and synchronize cardioversion.
If pulseless treat with him to get information followed by eprinephrine, vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine
Treatments for ventricular fibrillation
Immediate fibrillation, followed by eprinephrine, vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine
Treatment for PVCs
Usually not treated.
If severe and symptomatic consider beta blockers or any other
Sinus bradycardia
Atropine or pacing if severe
EKG findings of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Wide QRS, short PR interval and delta waves (up sloping qrs)
How do nitrates reduce pain in ACS
Largely by reducing preload and work of the heart by systemic venodilation
A secondary and less significant mechanism is coronary artery dilation
How do you distinguish between benign and pathologic murmurs in children
Maneuvers the decreased venous blood return to the heart (e.g., standing, valsava maneuvers) typically reduce the intensity of in the murmur
Drugs to hold before a cardiac stress
Beta blockers, calcium channel blocker’s, nitrates should be held because these are antianginal medications and reduce the extent of ischemia
What EKG findings common in hypothermia
Jay wave: a small positive deflection following the QRS complex
