Cardiology Flashcards by miss bucks

Q

Cardiac Sound: High-pitched diastolic sound

Associated condition?

A

Pericardial Knock-Constrictive Pericarditis

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Q

Cardiac Sound: Low-pitched diastolic

Associated condition?

A

Tumor Plop-Atrial Myxoma

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Q

Drugs used for Angina:

Systolic venodilation reduces LV end volume and pressure
Dilation of Coronary vessels

A

Nitrates

ISDN
ISMN
Nitroglycerin

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Q

Drugs used for Angina:

Reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate, atrial pressure and myocardial contractility

A

Beta blockers

Metropolol
Carvedilol
Atenolol
Bisoprolol

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Q

Drugs used for Angina:

CORONARY VASODILATORS that reduce myocardial oxygen demand, contractility and atrial pressure

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Amlodipine
Felodipine

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Q

First-line treatment for Prinzmetal’s Angina

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Amlodipine
Felodipine

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Q

Drugs used for Angina:
Reduces heart rate by inhibiting funny channel in SA node
Slows heart rate without reducing contractility

A

Ivrabidine

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Q

Severe ischemic pain that occurs at rest and associated with transient ST elevation
Caused by: focal spasm of epicardial coronary artery (most common: RCA)

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

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Q

VHD: Aortic Regurgitation Manifestation:

Rumbling diastolic murmur

A

Austin Flint murmur

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Q

VHD: Aortic Regurgitation Manifestation:

Jarring of the body and bobbing of the head with systole in severe AR

A

De Musset sign

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Q

VHD: Aortic Regurgitation Manifestation:

Capillary pulsations at the root of the nail

A

Quincke’s pulse

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Q

VHD: Aortic Regurgitation Manifestation:

Pistol sound over femoral arteries

A

Traube sign

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Q

VHD: Aortic Regurgitation Manifestation:

To and from murmur when femoral artery compressed

A

Duroziez sign

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Q

VHD: Aortic Regurgitation Manifestation:

Bounding pulses

A

Corrigan’s pulse/ water hammer

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Q

VHD: Tricuspid Regurgitation Manifestation:

Murmur increase with inspiration

A

Carvallo’s sign

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Q

Cardiac Sound: High-pitched after S2

Associated Condition?

Study These Flashcards

A

Opening Snap-Mitral Stenosis

Q

CARDIAC PE: Cyanosis due to R-L shunting, allowing deoxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation.
-Associated conditions.

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A

Central Cyanosis
Cyanotic Congestive Heart Disease:
TOF, TGA, TAPVC, Truncus Arteriousus

Q

CARDIAC PE: Cyanosis due to reduced extremity blood flow due to SMALL VESSEL VASOCONSTRICTION

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A

Peripheral Cyanosis

Q

Cyanosis affecting only the lower extremity
(May also be reversed in CoA)
-Associated condition

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A

Differential Cyanosis

PDA
Aortic Coarctation

Q

Rise/lack of fall of JVPNor neck vein distention with inspiration
-Associated condition

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A

Kussmaul’s sign

-Constrictive Pericarditis

Q

Sustained rise in JVP (>3cm) for at least 15 sec after release of hand from RUQ pressure

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A

Abdomino-jugular reflux

Q

Normal Apical impulse

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A

5th ICS, Left midclavicular line, less than 2cm in diameter

Q

Weak and delayed pulse

-Associated conditions

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A

Pulsus parvus et tardus

-Aortic Stenosis

Q

Fall in SBP >10 mmHg with inspiration

-Associated condition

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A

Pulsus Paradoxus

-Pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive PE

CARDIAC PE: Cyanosis due to R-L shunting, allowing deoxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation. -Associated conditions.

Central Cyanosis Cyanotic Congestive Heart Disease: TOF, TGA, TAPVC, Truncus Arteriousus

CARDIAC PE: Cyanosis due to reduced extremity blood flow due to SMALL VESSEL VASOCONSTRICTION

Peripheral Cyanosis

Cyanosis affecting only the lower extremity (May also be reversed in CoA) -Associated condition

Differential Cyanosis - PDA - Aortic Coarctation

Rise/lack of fall of JVPNor neck vein distention with inspiration -Associated condition

Kussmaul's sign | -Constrictive Pericarditis

Sustained rise in JVP (>3cm) for at least 15 sec after release of hand from RUQ pressure

Abdomino-jugular reflux

Normal Apical impulse

5th ICS, Left midclavicular line, less than 2cm in diameter

Weak and delayed pulse | -Associated conditions

Pulsus parvus et tardus | -Aortic Stenosis

Dyslidemia agents: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (specifically mevalonate)

Statins

Dyslidemia agents: Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Ezetimibe

Bile acid sequestrant (inhibits intestinal bile absorption)

Cholestyramine

Dyslidemia agents: up-regulates lipoprotein lipase to increase breakdown of VLDL and chylomicrons -35 to 50% reduction in triglycerides

Fibrates (gemfribozil, fenofibrate)

Dyslidemia agents: upregulates lipoprotein lipase to increase decreasing VLDL and TG levels -only agent proven to raise HDL levels

Niacin

Weak and Delayed pulse | -Associated condition

Pulsus parvus et tardus | -Aortic Stenosis