Cardiology Flashcards
(29 cards)
Key indicators of Cor Pulmonale?
Right side heart failure
JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION – 7cm away from the sternal angle
PARASTERNAL HEAVE - impulse felt with the fingers LEFT of the sternum. Caused by chronic contractions of the right heart against higher pressure.
Haemoptysis (bc ruptured pulmonary artery)
Hepatojugular reflex (‘NUTMEG LIVER’ –> jaundice/ hepatomegaly/ ascites)
Peripheral pitting oedema
Palpitations
Key indicators of left side heart failure
Causes Pulmonary Congestion + oedema
Coughing up PINK TINGED SPUTUM
CYANOSIS
NOCTURNAL DYSPNOAE (wake up feeling like you’re drowning)
Dyspnoea when LYING DOWN
Key symptoms of Aortic Stenosis
Usually asymptomatic unless you exert yourself
SAD
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnoae/ Dizziness/ Delayed weak pulse
Early systolic ejection click
Slow rising pulse
What causes aortic stenosis?
Usually calcification (wear + tear) + hyperlipidaemia.
Also be Rheumatic heart disease (major cause for Mitral stenosis)
Key symptoms of Rheumatic heart disease?
SAME SYMPTOMS FOR PANCARDITIS
J<3NES
Joint pain (migratory arthritis) Pancarditis Nodules (Aschoff's bodies) Erythema marginatum (red rash with clear borders) Syndenham Chorea (jerky movements)
PLUS fever + vegetations on heart valves + raised CRP in blood
What causes Rheumatic heart disease?
Staph A
Caused by molecular mimicry of M proteins following infection
What are the 6 P’s of acute ischaemia
Pallor Pulseless Pain Polar (cold) Parasthesis Paralysis
What are the key indicators of Giant Cell Arteritis?
Headache Amaurosis Fugax Jaw claudication Fever Weight loss
Key indicators of Endocarditis?
FROM JANE
Fever
Roth Spots (in eye)
Osler’s nodes
Murmurs (left side)
Janeway lesions
Anaemia
Nail splinter haemorrhage
Emboli (septic)
Key indicators of acute Pericardiits?
Fever + non productive cough
PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN that improves when sat/ leaning forward
PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
Key indicators of constrictive pericarditis? (chronic)
Fluid overload symptoms bc heart can’t fully empty
JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION
Tachycardic
Fever, leucocytosis, pericardial effusion
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
Key indicators of dilated cardiac myopathy?
Heart becomes dilated, enlarged + heavy
SOB
Fatigue
Leads to left + right side heart failure + mitral regurge
Key indicators of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Usually autosomal dominant, but also caused by incr blood pressure which causes left ventricular hypertrophy
Usually asymptomatic
ANGINA PECTORIS
SYNCOPE
Vertigo
Dyspnoae
Sudden cardiac death
Key indicators + causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Secondary to inflammatory fibrosis e.g. sarcoidosis, scleroderma
Symptoms - left and right side heart failure
Key indicators of Meningitis?
Non blanching rash
Photophobia
neck stiffness (BRUDZINKI)
Kernig’s sign – flex thigh at at 90o and try to extend, patient will experience pain and there will be resistance
Key indicators of Encephalitis?
SEIZURES
FOCAL NEUROPATHY
Headache, fever
Key indicators of Brain abscess?
Fever, headache, seizures, behaviour changes, stiff neck
PAPILOEDEMA
What are the 3 indicators of Cardiac Tamponade
Low arterial BP
Distended neck veins
Distant muffled heart sounds
Symptoms of aortic aneurysm?
Can come on AFTER LIFTING
HYPOTENSION
neurological signs
CHEST PAIN RADIATING TO BACK
Classic presentation of an MI
CENTRAL CHEST PAIN THAT WAKES YOU FROM SLEEP (could also be angina)
NOCTURNAL COUGH
SOB
Pulmonary Embolus - cardiac presentation
RAISED JVP
HYPOTENSION
Non productive cough
Patient presents with
JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION PARASTERNAL HEAVE Haemoptysis Hepatojugular reflex Peripheral pitting oedema Palpitations
What do they have?
Cor Pulmonale
Patient presents with Coughing up PINK TINGED SPUTUM CYANOSIS NOCTURNAL DYSPNOAE (wake up feeling like you're drowning) Dyspnoea when LYING DOWN
Left sided heart failure
What condition (other than right side heart failure) can cause a patient to present with Jugular vein distention?
Pulmonary Embolus
