Cardiology Flashcards
(29 cards)
Diastolic HF characteristics and treatment
LV stiffness, increased afterload, LVH
Due to systemic hypertension or Ao stenosis
Assoc with dyspnea
S4 gallop
Tx: diuretics, beta blockers, nondihydropyridine CCB (verapamil and diltiazem)
Prinzmetal’s angina presentation and treatment
variant angina, common in women, worse in AM
Tx: CCB and nitrates
EKG of variant angina vs ischemia
variant angina: ST elevation
ischemia: ST depression
Treatment of MI due to cocaine/ephedrine containing substances
***NO Beta blockers*** benzos asa nitrates CCB alpha blocker
AFib meds
Digoxin (#1 if hypotensive or have systolic HF)
beta blocker
Nondihydropyridine CCB (#1 if COPD or PAD bc BB can make worse)
Systolic HF treated with
beta blocker
loop diuretic
ACEI
Superior vena cava syndrome presentation and causes
-facial and upper arm swelling (never in lower ext), cyanosis
-obstruction in SVC flow into right atrium:
small cell ca of the lung
NON hodgkin lymphoma
indwelling catheter thrombosis
Causes of right HF
1 chronic left HF
pulm HTN
PE
pulm parenchymal dz (fibrosis or chronic bronchitis)
Causes of constrictive pericarditis
1 prior chest radiation
cardiac sx
connective tissue dz
bacterial (tb)
Preferred initial test for acute aortic dissection
*TEE
MRI
CT
Risk factors for acute aortic dissection
collagen dz (marfan or ehlors-danlos) chronic systemic HTN vasculitis (giant cell arteritis and Takayasu) cocaine bicuspid Ao valve
Acute pericarditis in any age female must consider
SLE
Pericardial tamponade characteristics and treatment
- hypotension, tachycardia, elevated JVP, paradoxical pulse
- emergent pericardiocentesis followed by pericardiectomy
Coarctation of aorta presentation
equal and bilateral upper ext HTN
low BP in legs
radial-femoral pulse lag
bicuspid Ao valve in 70%
Aortic dissection treatment
- IV vasodilator AND Beta blocker (vasodilator alone can make worse)
- emergent surgical intervention
Systolic HF presentation and manifestations
- fatigue, weakness, mental obtundation
- LV dilation, increased preload, reduced contraction, reduced EF, decreased CO
Electrolytes associated with Digoxin toxicity
hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
Prolonged QT interval causes and manifestation
-hypomagnesemia
hypocalcemia induced meds (phenothiazines, haldol, risperidone, TCAs, terfenadine, astemizole
congenital
-Can lead to torsades de pointes
Orthostatic hypotension findings
20-mm Hg systolic and 10-mm Hg diastolic drop with standing
**increased HR indicated hypovolemia whereas no compensatory increase in HR indicates autonomic insufficiency
acute vs subacute endocarditis
acute: indwelling cath infection or IV drug user, staph aureus, tricuspid valve, acutely ill
subacute: strep viridans, more indolent
endocarditis preferred testing
cultures, ECHO, TEE
Coarctation of the aorta
40% w/biscupid valve
apical ejection click
risk of cerebral aneurysm
Chronic HTN with orthostatic HYPOtension
pheochromocytoma
Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension
long acting thiazide diuretic
long acting dihydropyridine CCB
