cardiology

Question 1

what the cause of load S2?

Answer 1

معناها فوك والايد ابطئ من الرجل

• bradycardia
• prolong PR interval
• AV incontense

Question 2

what’re the causes of load S1?

Answer 2

• sinus tachycardia
• short PR interval
• AV stenosis

Question 3

whats the cause of fixed splitting S2?

Answer 3

Aterial septal defect

Question 4

what’re the causes of wide mobile splited heart sound ?

Answer 4

• means the pulmonary valve close after the aortic valve so seen in :-
• right bundle branch
• primary pulmonary hypertension
• choronic obstructive disease
• pulmanary emboli

Question 5

what the cause of paradoxes splitting ?

Answer 5

means the pulmonary close before the aortic valve

seen in :

• left bundle branch block
• systemic hypertension

Question 6

whats the cause of 3rd heart sound ?

Answer 6

its the left ventricular dysfunction (heart failure )

and mitral regurgitation

Question 7

If we heard two sound what the possibilities ?

Answer 7

either 3rd heart sound or splitted S2 differ by using bill or diaphragm and the position pf the patient

Question 8

whats the cause of the 4th heart sound ?

Answer 8

lt ventricular hypertrophy

hypertensive disease

Question 9

whats the cause of summation gallop ?

Answer 9

its sound as running hoarse in the heart failure

Question 10

what’re the causes of systolic murmur ?

Answer 10

• AV regurgitation
• semilunar valve stenosis
• arterial septal defect

Question 11

what’re the causes of the diastolic murmur ?

Answer 11

• AV stenosis

- semilunar valve regurgitation

Question 12

which murmur having crescendo and decrescendo character ?

Answer 12

Aortic stenosis

Question 13

which murmur radiated to the carotid area?

Answer 13

Aortic stenosis

Question 14

which murmur radiated to the axilla ?

Answer 14

mitral regurgitation

Question 15

which murmur heard the apex of the heart in the diastolic phase ?

Answer 15

AV stenosis

Question 16

which diastolic murmur heard in the base of the heart?

Answer 16

semilunar valve regurgitation

Question 17

which murmur have othrumbling quality ?

Answer 17

Av because rumbling so it diastolic stenosis

Question 18

which murmur diastolic have blowing quality ?

Answer 18

semilunar valve regurgitation

Question 19

whats the time to hear the S1?

and when to hear the S2?

Answer 19

during systole

while the S2 during the diastole

Question 20

when we hear the 3rd heart sound ?and why ?

Answer 20

after the S2 in early diastole

Question 21

when to hear the 4th heart sound ?

Answer 21

before the S1 in the late diastole

Question 22

when we hear open snap ?

Answer 22

OS in MS mitral stenosis

Question 23

systolic click when its heard ?

Answer 23

• semilunarvavle stenosis

- Av regurgitation

Question 24

which heart sound is blowing in character ?

Answer 24

mitral regurgitation بالكتاب

Question 25

which murmur have rasping crescendo and decrescendo ?

Answer 25

Aortic stenosis

Question 26

what the cause of pericardial rap?

Answer 26

its because of myocarditis that cause friction so when the patient lay down the friction will increase so load murmur but when lean forward decrease the friction so soft murmur

Question 27

We herd 3rd heart sound and we do ECG it left ventricule was normal and also it wasn't splitted S2? whats that??

Answer 27

its pericardial knoche

Question 28

when we examine the pt we tell him to lay dow and we hear the murmur but when he sat the murmur disappear ? is it because the friction caused by the pericarditis or the tumer block ?

Answer 28

its because the left atrial mexoma because when the pt lay hear it when the pt sit lose it but in pericarditis when pt lay murmur is loud when pt set the murmur is soft

Question 29

whats happen to the normal pt when doing exercise ECG?

Answer 29

pt will have tachycardia ,increase in the systolic pressure and decrease the diastolic and no ST changes

Question 30

when the trudner test is +?

Answer 30

STool AHmed ST elevation and depression arrhythmia and hypotension during exercise

Question 31

what the contradictions of trundler test ?

Answer 31

MI ,unstable angina , Aortic stenosis and left bundle branch block and in ambutation

Question 32

which drugs give same effect as the exercise and used in amputation ?

Answer 32

dipyridamole vasodilator the normal artery only

Question 33

what're the benefit of the x -ray?

Answer 33

1- identify the size of the heart | 2- pulmonary hypertension

Question 34

if the heart take more that 50% of the thoracic area means?

Answer 34

cardiomegaly

Question 35

if the heart attach to the sternum means ?

Answer 35

RRRight ventricular dialtion

Question 36

if the heart attach to the back mean ?

Answer 36

left ventricular dilation

Question 37

if pt having esophagus notch might have ...

Answer 37

left atrial dilation

Question 38

if the pt have mineralization to the left heart border so pt have ....

Answer 38

right atrial dilation

Question 39

who would we know if the pt have pulmonary hypertension by X-ray ?

Answer 39

- if the dimeter of the lower right pulmonary artery more than 23cm - if the distance between two pulmonary arteries divided by the thoracic dimeter ratio is more than 30% -pulmonary vessels will reach the 1st rib(encaflization) -