Cardiology

Question 1

Cardiac Tamponade etiology, pathology,

signs

Answer 1

Etiology: Cancer, tumors. Trauma, blood. Pericarditis.
Patho: Large accumulation of fluid in pericardial cavity. Since fibrous doesn’t stretch decrease in filling, SV,CO.

Signs: Beck’s triad Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, JVD
Pulsus paradoxus

Question 2

Electrolyte roles

Answer 2

Na: depolarize
K: repolarize
Ca: contractility
Mg: stabilize

Question 3

3 types of Angina

Answer 3

Stable angina, Unstable angina, Prinzmetal angina ( spasm of coronary artery) ***
IVHD

Question 4

8 conditions mimic DTCOP

Answer 4

PE, Pneumothorax, Pneumonia, Pericarditis, Aortic dissection, GERD, Gastritis, PUD

Question 5

Aortic dissection Etiology, Patho, Signs

Answer 5

CT disorder or advanced age with CHTN.
Tearing of intima, false channel blocking flow creating back up aortic valve= MI, Stroke, Arm ischemia.
Signs: Sudden chest pain, ripping, radiation.
Innominate artery diff in BP between arms,
Left carotid artery stroke.

Question 6

AAA Etiology, Patho, signs

Answer 6

Sudden onset of pain abdomen Center of umbilicus or back pain. Pulsatile mass palpable at the abd.