Cardiology

Question 1

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 1

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 2

What artery supplies the left atria?

Answer 2

left circumflex

Question 3

What artery supplies the right atria?

Answer 3

right coronary

Question 4

what does automaticity mean?

Answer 4

if left without input a single cardiac cell will contract rhythmically at a steady rate

Question 5

What does excitability mean?

Answer 5

refers to the ease with ehich cardiac cells indergo a series of events.

Question 6

What does conductivity mean?

Answer 6

the intrinsic ability of the cardiac cells to conduct electrical impulses.

Question 7

what does contractility mean?

Answer 7

the ability for the heart uscle to contract to a given length.

Question 8

What is normal stroke volume?

Answer 8

60-130 cc’s per beat in the average adult

Question 9

What is “MAP”?

Answer 9

mean arterial pressure

Question 10

How do you calculate a “map”

Answer 10

{(2x diastolic)+ systolic} / 3

Question 11

What does the OLDCAAAR mnemonic stand for?

Answer 11

Onset
Location
Duration
Character
Activity
Aggravating factors
Alleviating factore
Radiation

Question 12

What is the most common presenting complain in elderly patients with Acute Coronary symtoms?

Answer 12

Dyspnea

Question 13

What is a “True aneurysm”?

Answer 13

a aneurysm that involves all three layers of the blood vessal.

Question 14

What is a “False aneurysm”?

Answer 14

an aneurysm contained by the 2 outer layer of the blood vessal wall and clot.

Question 15

What is a “Dissection”?

Answer 15

seperation of the vessel wall which allows blood to leak between the layers of the vessal.

Question 16

What is the highest risk factor of Aortic Dissection?

Answer 16

Hypertention

Question 17

what should be the heart rate and blood pressure of someone with a arotic dissection?

Answer 17

pulse 60-80 beats per min

Blood pressure 100-120 systolic

Question 18

What is a Hypertensive Urgency?

Answer 18

increased blood pressure but no damage to the bodys organs.

Question 19

What is a hypertensive Emergency?

Answer 19

When organ damage occurs as a result of the hypertention.

Question 20

What is left sided heart failure?

Answer 20

Fluid and blood back up into the lungs

Question 21

What is right sided heart failure?

Answer 21

Fluid and blood back up into the systemic circulation ( legs, feet and abdomen)

Question 22

What are the 3 factors that MI severity is based on?

Answer 22

level of occlusion in the coronary artery
The lenght of time of the occlusion
The presemce of collateral circulation

Question 23

List 4 people who are at risk for “SILENT MI’S”.

Answer 23

Diabetic
Smokers
post-heart transplant
elderly

Question 24

diagnosis of an acute MI happens when what 3 criteria are met?

Answer 24

chest pain lasting longer than 20 min
change in serial EKG tracing
rise and fall of the serum Troponin levels

Question 25

What should your “ MAP” be for a acute MI patient?

Answer 25

60mmHg

Question 26

What is normal CVP (Central venus pressure)?

Answer 26

2-6 mmHg

Question 27

What is the normal range for ICP ( Intercrainal pressure)?

Answer 27

5-15mmHg

Question 28

What is the normal range for LAP ( left atrial pressure)?

Answer 28

4-12mmHg

Question 29

What is the normal range for PAP? (Pulmonary artery pressure)

Answer 29

15-30mmHg

Question 30

What is the normal PAWP (pulmonary artey wedge pressure)

Answer 30

4-12mmHg

Question 31

What is a normal RAP? ( right arterial pressure)

Answer 31

4-6mmHg

Question 32

What is the normal range for RVEDP? ( right ventricular end diastolic pressure?

Answer 32

0-8 mmHg

Question 33

How do you calculate cerebral perfusion?

Answer 33

MAP-ICP

Question 34

how do you calculate cardiac output and what is the normal value?

Answer 34

HR xSV

4-8 LPM

Question 35

What is th enormal range for CPP (coronary perfusion pressure)?

Answer 35

70-90 mmHg

Question 36

What is the normal EF? ( ejection fraction)

Answer 36

55-75%