Cardiology

Question 1

A positive hepatocellular jugular reflex indicates

Answer 1

Increased systemic venous pressure

Question 2

Pulse deficits occur when

& usually indicate

Answer 2

The pulse rate is lower than HR. Usually indicate premature beats - not enough filling for blood to be ejected with each beat.

Question 3

Pulse quality is affected by

Answer 3

• Stroke volume
• ejection velocity
• relative compliance of the arterial system

(DIFFERENCE between systolic + diastolic pressures

Question 4

Bounding pulses are seen with

Answer 4

PDA or aortic valve insufficiency

Question 5

Where are the tricuspid and mistral valves located?

Answer 5

Tricuspid: RA-RV
Mitral: LA-LV

Question 6

Which heart sounds are normally heard in the D + C. What do they correspond to?

Answer 6

S1= AV valves closing - start of systole
S2= Semi-lunar valves closing - end of systole

Question 7

What are the 4 heart sounds:

Answer 7

S1= AV valves closing - start of systole
S2= Semi-lunar valves closing - end of systole
S3 = rapid ventricular filling
S4 = atrial contraction + flow through AV valve.

Question 8

S3 heart sound corresponds to

Answer 8

rapid ventricular filling

Question 9

S3 may be heard with (dz)

Answer 9

DCM - ventricles dilated

Question 10

S4 heart sound corresponds to

Answer 10

Atrial contraction + flow through AV valve.

Question 11

S4 may be hear in (dz)

Answer 11

Cats with HCM - decreased compliance of ventricles.

Question 12

Murmurs can be due to

Answer 12

turbulent blood flow or vibration of a cardiac structure

Question 13

Decreased viscosity of blood can cause

Answer 13

A murmur - increased turbulence