Cardiology Drugs

Question 1

Drug: Digoxin
Dosage:

Answer 1

Oral Loading Dose: 500 micrograms twice daily for 1 day.

Maintenance Dose: 62.5–250 micrograms daily.

IV Loading Dose: 500 micrograms by infusion over 60 minutes.

Question 2

Drug: Indapamide
Dosage:

Thiazide diuretic

Answer 2

2.5 mg once daily.

Question 3

Drug: Bendroflumethiazide
Dosage:

Answer 3

2.5 mg once daily

Question 4

Drug: Furosemide
Dosage:

Loop diuretic

Answer 4

Oral: 20 mg to 80 mg daily.

IV: Single dose up to 80 mg rapidly.

Continuous IV infusion: 250 mg made up to 50 mL with sodium chloride 0.9%, run at 2 mL/hour (usual rate: 0.5–4 mL/hour).

Question 5

Drug: Bumetanide
Dosage:

Loop diuretic

Answer 5

Oral: 1 mg to 2 mg once daily.

IV: Dosing as per clinical requirements.

Question 6

Drug: Spironolactone
Dosage:

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics and Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 6

25 mg to 50 mg daily.

Question 7

Drug: Eplerenone
Dosage:

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics and Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 7

Initial: 25 mg once daily.

Maintenance: 50 mg once daily.

For initiation within 3–14 days post-MI for patients with heart failure.

Question 8

Drug: Adenosine
Dosage:

For Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Answer 8

6 mg/2 mL injection (refer to IV administration guidelines)

6mg - 12 mg - 18 mg

Question 9

Drug: Digoxin
Dosage:

For Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Answer 9

Oral: 62.5 mcg, 125 mcg, or 250 mcg tablets.

Elixir: 50 mcg/mL.

Injection: 500 mcg/2 mL (adult) or 100 mcg/mL (pediatric special).

Question 10

Drug: Verapamil
Dosage:

For Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Answer 10

Tablets: 40 mg.

Modified-release (MR) capsules: 120 mg or 240 mg.

IV: 5 mg/2 mL injection.

Question 11

Drug: Amiodarone
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Answer 11

Oral: 200 mg three times daily for 2 weeks, then 200 mg once daily for maintenance.

IV: 300 mg/10 mL syringe, with rapid loading dose of 150 mg/3 mL.

Question 12

Drug: Flecainide
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Answer 12

Oral: 50 mg or 100 mg tablets.

IV: 150 mg/15 mL injection.

Question 13

Drug: Sotalol
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Answer 13

40 mg or 80 mg tablets.

Question 14

Drug: Lidocaine (Lignocaine)
Dosage:

Ventricular Arrhythmias

Answer 14

IV: 0.4% (4 mg/mL) in 500 mL 5% glucose solution.

Question 15

Drug: Atenolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 15

Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg.

Syrup: 25 mg/5 mL.

Question 16

Drug: Bisoprolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 16

For angina/hypertension: 5 mg or 10 mg tablets.

For heart failure: 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.75 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg tablets.

Question 17

Drug: Carvedilol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 17

Tablets: 3.125 mg, 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg.

Question 18

Drug: Esmolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 18

Injection: 100 mg/10 mL.

Infusion: 2,500 mg/250 mL pre-prepared solution.

Question 19

Drug: Labetalol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 19

Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg.

Injection: 100 mg/20 mL.

Question 20

Drug: Metoprolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 20

Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg.

Injection: 5 mg/5 mL.

Question 21

Drug: Sotalol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 21

40 mg or 80 mg tablets.

Question 22

Drug: Propranolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 22

Tablets: 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg.

Modified-release capsules: 80 mg, 160 mg.

Injection: 1 mg/mL.

Question 23

Drug: Nebivolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 23

Tablets: 5 mg.

Note: Reserved for use in heart failure.

Question 24

Drug: Hydralazine
Dosage:

Vasodilator Antihypertensive Drugs

Answer 24

25 mg or 50 mg tablets.

Note: Reserved for use with isosorbide mononitrate for heart failure in patients intolerant to other therapies.

Question 25

Drug: Doxazosin Dosage: ## Footnote Alpha-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

Answer 25

1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg tablets (OD regimen). Note: Slow-release (XL) preparations are not recommended.

Question 26

Drug: Ramipril Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 26

1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg capsules.

Question 27

Drug: Lisinopril Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 27

2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg tablets.

Question 28

Drug: Perindopril Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 28

2 mg, 4 mg, or 8 mg tablets. Note: Reserved for use post-stroke or in combination with thiazides.

Question 29

Drug: Losartan Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

Answer 29

50 mg or 100 mg tablets.

Question 30

Drug: Irbesartan Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

Answer 30

Initial: 75 mg daily (for patients >75 years). Maintenance: 150 mg or 300 mg tablets.

Question 31

Drug: Candesartan Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

Answer 31

2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg, or 16 mg tablets. Note: Reserved for heart failure patients unresponsive to ACE inhibitors.

Question 32

Drug: Valsartan Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

Answer 32

40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg, or 320 mg tablets. Note: Reserved for post-MI in ACE-intolerant patients.

Question 33

Drug: Sacubitril/Valsartan Dosage: ## Footnote Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

Answer 33

Initial: 24 mg/26 mg twice daily Maintenance: 97 mg/103 mg twice daily. Note: Initiation by a Heart Failure Specialist.

Question 34

Drug: Aliskiren Dosage: ## Footnote Renin Inhibitors

Answer 34

150 mg or 300 mg tablets. Note: Consultant initiation for resistant hypertension or diabetic nephropathy.

Question 35

Drug: Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) Dosage: ## Footnote Nitrates

Answer 35

Sublingual Spray: 400 mcg/dose. Buccal Tablets: 2 mg. Transdermal Patches: 5 mg or 10 mg/24 hours. IV Solution: 50 mg/50 mL. Start infusion at 10 mcg/min and titrate to response.

Question 36

Drug: Isosorbide Mononitrate Dosage: ## Footnote Nitrates

Answer 36

Immediate-Release Tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg twice daily. Modified-Release Tablets: 30 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg once daily.

Question 37

Drug: Amlodipine Dosage: ## Footnote Calcium-Channel Blockers

Answer 37

5 mg or 10 mg tablets once daily.

Question 38

Drug: Felodipine Dosage: ## Footnote Calcium-Channel Blockers

Answer 38

2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg modified-release tablets once daily.

Question 39

Drug: Diltiazem Dosage: ## Footnote Calcium-Channel Blockers

Answer 39

Immediate-Release Tablets: 60 mg three times daily. Modified-Release Tablets/Capsules: 90 mg or 120 mg twice daily. 200 mg or 300 mg once daily.

Question 40

Drug: Verapamil Dosage: ## Footnote Calcium-Channel Blockers

Answer 40

Immediate-Release Tablets: 40 mg three times daily. Modified-Release Tablets: 120 mg or 240 mg once daily. IV Injection: 5 mg/2 mL.

Question 41

Drug: Nimodipine Dosage: ## Footnote Calcium-Channel Blockers

Answer 41

Tablets: 30 mg every 4 hours for 21 days. IV Infusion: 10 mg/50 mL.

Question 42

Drug: Nicorandil Dosage: ## Footnote Other Anti-Anginal Drugs

Answer 42

10 mg or 20 mg tablets twice daily.

Question 43

Drug: Ivabradine Dosage: ## Footnote Other Anti-Anginal Drugs

Answer 43

5 mg or 7.5 mg tablets twice daily. Note: Initiated by a cardiologist for heart failure or angina.

Question 44

Drug: Ranolazine Dosage: ## Footnote Other Anti-Anginal Drugs

Answer 44

Initial Dose: 375 mg twice daily. Maintenance Dose: 500 mg to 750 mg twice daily.

Question 45

Drug: Atorvastatin Dosage: ## Footnote Statins

Answer 45

20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg tablets once daily.

Question 46

Drug: Simvastatin Dosage: ## Footnote Statins

Answer 46

20 mg or 40 mg tablets once daily. Note: Use as an alternative if atorvastatin is not tolerated.

Question 47

Drug: Pravastatin Dosage: ## Footnote Statins

Answer 47

40 mg tablets once daily. Note: Use if atorvastatin is not tolerated.

Question 48

Drug: Bezafibrate Dosage: ## Footnote Fibrates

Answer 48

200 mg modified-release tablets once daily.

Question 49

Drug: Fenofibrate (Micronized) Dosage: ## Footnote Fibrates

Answer 49

Capsules: 67 mg once daily. Modified-Release Tablets: 160 mg once daily.

Question 50

Drug: Colestyramine Dosage: ## Footnote Bile acide sequestrant

Answer 50

4 g sachet. Note: Typically 1–4 sachets daily, adjusted as per patient need.

Question 51

Drug: Ezetimibe Dosage:

Answer 51

10 mg tablets once daily. Note: Use for primary hypercholesterolemia in certain cases.

Question 52

Drug: Alirocumab Dosage:

Answer 52

75 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL pre-filled pen. Administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks.

Question 53

Drug: Evolocumab Dosage:

Answer 53

140 mg/mL subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks or 420 mg monthly.

Question 54

Drug: Aspirin Dosage: ## Footnote Antiplatelet Drugs

Answer 54

75 mg or 300 mg dispersible tablets daily. Note: First-line antiplatelet unless contraindicated.

Question 55

Drug: Clopidogrel Dosage: ## Footnote Antiplatelet Drugs

Answer 55

75 mg tablets once daily. Note: Used in patients intolerant to aspirin or for specific indications like stroke prevention.

Question 56

Drug: Dipyridamole Dosage: ## Footnote Antiplatelet Drugs

Answer 56

200 mg modified-release capsules twice daily. Note: Often combined with aspirin for prevention of vascular events.75 mg tablets once daily.

Question 57

Drug: Prasugrel Dosage: ## Footnote Antiplatelet Drugs

Answer 57

Loading dose: 60 mg once. Maintenance dose: 10 mg once daily (5 mg if body weight <60 kg). Note: For patients undergoing PCI as per NICE guidelines.

Question 58

Drug: Ticagrelor Dosage: ## Footnote Antiplatelet Drugs

Answer 58

Loading dose: 180 mg once. Maintenance dose: 90 mg twice daily. Note: Combined with aspirin for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). 60 mg twice daily. Note: Used with aspirin for secondary prevention in high-risk patients post-MI.

Question 59

Drug: Tirofiban Dosage: ## Footnote Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor

Answer 59

Loading dose: 0.4 mcg/kg/min for 30 minutes. Maintenance dose: 0.1 mcg/kg/min. Note: Adjust dose by 50% for creatinine clearance <30 mL/min.

Question 60

Drug: Warfarin Dosage:

Answer 60

Tablets: 1 mg or 3 mg once daily. Note: Doses are individualized based on INR monitoring. Common INR target range is 2-3 for most indications.

Question 61

Drug: Apixaban Dosage:

Answer 61

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 5 mg twice daily. VTE treatment: 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, then 5 mg twice daily.

Question 62

Drug: Rivaroxaban Dosage:

Answer 62

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 20 mg once daily. DVT/PE treatment: 15 mg twice daily for 21 days, then 20 mg once daily.

Question 63

Drug: Dabigatran Dosage:

Answer 63

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 150 mg twice daily. VTE treatment: 150 mg twice daily (after initial 5-10 days of parenteral anticoagulation).

Question 64

Drug: Edoxaban Dosage:

Answer 64

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 60 mg once daily. VTE treatment: 60 mg once daily (reduce to 30 mg daily if body weight <60 kg or in renal impairment).