🫀 Cardiology & Resuscitation

Question 1

Veins

Answer 1

Blood vessels that carry de-oxygenated blood INTO to the heart from the body’s tissues.

Towards the heart

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood AWAY from the heart to the body’s tissues.

Away from the heart

Question 3

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

Answer 3

A large vein that carries oxygen-poor blood from the upper half of the body to the heart’s right atrium.

Superior = closer to the head, upper half of body.

Question 4

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

Answer 4

A large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the heart’s right atrium.

Inferior - closer to the feet, below.

Question 5

Atrium always pushes _____________

Answer 5

Down ↓

Question 6

Ventricle always pushes __________

Answer 6

Up ↑

Question 7

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 7

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that keeps blood flowing in the proper direction.

Question 8

Mitral Valve

Answer 8

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that keeps blood flowing in the proper direction.

Question 9

CHF

Answer 9

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 10

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 10

When the heart fails to pump properly.

Question 11

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 11

Fluid is building up in the lungs, normally due to the left-side of the heart failing and backing up into the lungs.

Question 12

Causes of Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 12

• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• High Cholesterol

Question 13

Jugular Vein Distention (JVD)

Answer 13

A visible bulge in the large vein that runs down the right side of the neck. It occurs when blood can’t flow properly and backs up in the vein, increasing pressure.

Question 14

Right-Sided Heart Failure Symptoms

Answer 14

• Jugular Vein Distention (swelling of large vein in the neck.
• Peripheral Edema (swelling of legs and ankles)
• Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)
• Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)

Question 15

Left-Side Heart Failure Symtoms

Answer 15

• Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)
• Dyspnea (Shortness of breath)
• Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying down)
• Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (sudden nighttime shortness of breath)
• Fatigue and weakness

Question 16

Ascites

(Uh-SITE-teez)

Answer 16

Fluid build up in the abdomen.

Question 17

Peripheral Edema

Answer 17

Swelling of the legs and ankles, often due to right side heart failure or issues.

Question 18

Hepatomegaly

(HEP-uh-toe-MEG-uh-lee)

Answer 18

Enlarged Liver

Question 19

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 19

Fluid build up in the LUNGS.

Question 20

Dyspnea

Answer 20

Shortness of Breath

Question 21

Orthopnea

(Or-THOP-nea)

Answer 21

Difficulty breathing while lying down (supine position)

Question 22

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Answer 22

Sudden night time shortness of breath.

Question 23

Systolic

Answer 23

The pressure of blood in your arteries DURING heart contractions.

Question 24

Diastolic

Answer 24

The pressure of blood in your arteries IN-BETWEEN contractions of the heart. (Relax phase)

Question 25

Pre-Load

Answer 25

The force that stretches the ventricles **BEFORE** contraction. Ventricle filling up with blood. 120-130mL.

Question 26

After-Load

Answer 26

The resistance the heart must **OVERCOME** to pump blood out of the **LEFT** ventricles into the aortic valve.

Question 27

Contractility

Answer 27

The heart muscle’s ability to contract and generate force to pump blood.

Question 28

Automaticity

Answer 28

The hearts ability to **generate electrical impulses** on its own **without external stimulation.**

Question 29

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 29

The amount of blood pumped in one minute (L/min)

Question 30

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 30

The amount of blood ejected per contraction (mL) (50-100mL)

Question 31

Cardiac Output Equation

Answer 31

CO = SV x HR

Question 32

Ejection Fraction

Answer 32

How well your heart pumps blood **OUT** of the left ventricle to the Aorta. (Normal = 50-75%)

Question 33

End-Diastolic Volume

Answer 33

The amount of blood that is in the ventricles just **BEFORE** the heart contracts.

Question 34

Jugular Vein Detention

Answer 34

Swelling of the large vein in the neck.

Question 35

Mean Arterial Pressure (Formula)

Answer 35

MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP)

Question 36

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 36

Heart Attack

Question 37

Cause of M.I.?

Answer 37

When a **coronary artery is blocked**, causing **no blood flow to the heart** muscle.

Question 38

Stable Angina

Answer 38

Chest pains that stop with rest.

Question 39

Unstable Angina

Answer 39

Chest pains persists even with rest.

Question 40

Symptoms Silent M.I.

Answer 40

Weakness, epigastric pain, or indigestion. Common in elderly patients, women, diabetics, and alcoholics.

Question 41

Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 41

Pressure on the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac surrounding the heart.

Question 42

Hypertensive Crisis

Answer 42

Systolic BP higher than 180 and/or diastolic BP higher than 120.

Question 43

Becks Triad

Answer 43

- Jugular Vein Detention (JVD) - Muffled Heart Sounds - Hypotension

Question 44

Acute Coronary Syndrome consists of these two conditions:

Answer 44

1. Myocardial Infarction 2. Unstable Angina

Question 45

Atherosclerosis

Answer 45

The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

Question 46

Thromboembolism

Answer 46

Part of a blood clot that breaks off and travels through the bloodstream