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Clinical Medicine II > Cardiology: Valvular Heart Disease > Flashcards

Cardiology: Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Mid systolic murmur

2 RICS

A

aortic stenosis

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2
Q

Diastolic murmur

2-4 LICS

A

aortic regurgitation

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3
Q

Mid-late diastolic murmur

Apex

A

mitral stenosis

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4
Q

Pansystolic murmur

Apex

A

mitral regurgitation

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5
Q

Mid-late diastolic murmur

LLSB

A

tricuspid stenosis

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6
Q

Pansystolic murmur

LLSB

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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7
Q

Mid-systolic murmur

2-3 LICS

A

pulmonic stenosis

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8
Q

Early diastolic murmur

2 LICS

A

pulmonic regurgitation

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9
Q

What aids in listening for aortic stenosis?

A

leaning forward

squatting

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10
Q

What aids in listening for aortic regurgitation

A

leaning forward

full exhalation

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11
Q

What aids in listening for mitral stenosis

A

left lateral decubitus

full exhalation

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12
Q

What aids in listening for tricuspid stenosis

A

inspiration

squatting

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13
Q

What aids in listening for tricuspid regurgitation

A

inspiration

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14
Q

What aids in listening for pulmonic regurgitation?

A

inspiration

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15
Q

what do you expect to see on ECG, Echo and CXR for aortic stenosis

A

LVH

immobile calcified leaflets

post stenotic dilation of aorta

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16
Q

what do you expect to see on ECG, Echo and CXR for aortic regurgitation

A

LVH

impaired LV fxn

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17
Q

what do you expect to see on ECG Echo and CXR for mitral regurgitation

A

LAE, LVH

afib

RVH if severe

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18
Q

what do you expect to see on ECG, Echo and CXR for mitral stenosis

A

LAE

valve thickening

afib

RVH, Kerley B lines late sign

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19
Q

subvalvular aortic stenosis is often caused by…

A

HCM

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20
Q

most common level of aortic stenosis?

A

aortic valve

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21
Q

Early sxs of aortic stenosis

A

DOE

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22
Q

does early aortic stenosis present with chest pain?

A

no

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23
Q

late sxs of aortic stenosis

A

angina

syncope

heart failure

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24
Q

how often should repeat echo be performed in mild, moderate, and severe asymptomatic valve issues?

Study These Flashcards
A

mild: 3-5 years, monitor sxs development
moderate: 1-2 years

severeL every 6-12 months, include cards

25
symptomatic aortic stenosis is treated with...
referral to CT surg or interventional cards
26
which type of prosthetic valve requires anticoagulation?
mechanical
27
which type of prosthetic valve lasts longer?
mechanical
28
HCM presents with the same murmur as AS, but is enhanced with...
standing valsalva
29
MC cause of chronic aortic regurg...
aortic root dilation
30
MC valve disease causing chronic aortic regurg...
calcification
31
MC aortic regurg cause that occurs with valve disease and aortic root dilation...
bicuspid aortic valve
32
Acute aortic regurgitation presents with...
profound hypotension cardiogenic shock pulmonary edema s/s of endocarditis/aortic dissection
33
chronic aortic regurgitation results in what physical manifestations on the heart?
gradual dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
34
wide pulse pressure corrigan pulse austin-flint murmur these are physical exam findings indicative of...
aortic regurgitation
35
chronic aortic regurgitation presents with what findings on CXR?
LVH Cardiomegaly
36
how is acute aortic regurg managed
emergent valve surgery
37
how is symptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation managed?
refer to CT surg or interventional cards
38
what is a common cause of chronic mitral regurgitation
connective tissue disorders
39
acute mitral regurgitation can be ischemic or non-ischemic. ischemic causes include...
papillary muscle damage
40
acute mitral regurgitation can be ischemic or non-ischemic. non-ischemic include
ruptured chordae tendineae MVP, endocarditis, trauma, ARF
41
acute mitral regurgitation will present with...
very ill pulmonary edema hypotension shock
42
chronic mitral regurgitation will present with...
heart failure sxs pulmonary HTN LAE, RVH
43
acute mitral regurgitation is manged with...
IV nitroprusside and urgent surgical consult
44
chronic nonischemic mitral regurgitation is managed medically for HTN, hypervolemia, and a.fib with..
HTN: ACE-I, vasodilators hypervolemia: na restriction, diuretics a. fib: warfarin with 2-3 INR, digoxin
45
Mitral valve prolapse is often asymptomatic, but can also present with...
atypical or non-anginal chest pain
46
what tx can be offered for mitral valve prolapse with palpitation or arrhythmia
beta blockers
47
what is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?
rheumatic heart disease
48
What can cause sxs in mitral stenosis?
exertion, excitement fever anemia pregnancy a. fib
49
what sxs are common with mitral stenosis?
sxs of LHF and RHF hemoptysis
50
What can manage mild mitral stenosis?
diuretics and sodium restriction
51
if mitral stenosis occurs with afib, hx of emboli, or significant LAE, what tx should be offered?
warfarin (INR 2-3)
52
For progressing sxs of mitral stenosis, what can be done?
valve surgery
53
Generally, valvular stenosis is not a ______ process
not acute
54
Generally, valvular regurgitation can present as a ______ process
acute
55
What is the main tx goal for afib?
prevention of systemic embolization
56
what can be prescribed for patients with afib and a mechanical heart valve?
warfarin
57
what is included in rhythm control strategy for afib...
antiarrhythmic meds ablation surgery
58
what is included in a rate control strategy for afib?
beta blockers non-dihydropyridine CCB digoxin

Clinical Medicine II (31 decks)

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