Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 1

multi chamber enlargement with decreased systolic and diastolic function

Question 2

What is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 2

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 3

What are some main causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 3

idiopathic

familial link

valvular heart disease

ischemic heart disease

longstanding systemic hypertension

Question 4

What are some complications of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

heart failure

decreased cardiac output

regurgitant valves

LA thrombus

ischemia

Question 5

Echo findings for DCM:

Answer 5

decreased systolic and diastolic function

thin walls

“smoke”

Question 6

M-mode findings for DCM:

Answer 6

increased chamber size

double diamond mitral excursion

increased MV E point to septal separation

Question 7

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

hypertrophic, hyper dynamic left ventricle associated sometimes with LVOTO

Question 8

What is the etiology of HCMO?

Answer 8

idiopathic

genetics

Question 9

What are the types of HCMO?

Answer 9

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

Provocable HOCM

non-obstructive HCMO

Question 10

What Is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 10

LVH that is asymmetric, concentric, or mid ventricular with an LVOT obstruction

Question 11

Three ways you can have LVOTO:

Answer 11

IHSS + ASH + SAM = LVOTO

HOCM + concentric LVH + SAM = LVOTO

HOCM + mid ventricular LVH = LVOTO

Question 12

What does IHSS stand for?

Answer 12

idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Question 13

What does ASH stand for?

Answer 13

asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

Question 14

What does SAM stand for?

Answer 14

systolic anterior motion (of MV leaflets or chordae)

Question 15

What is provocable HOCM?

Answer 15

LVH with LVOTO but only when provoked with exercise, coughing, valsalva, etc.

Question 16

What is non-obstructive HCMO?

Answer 16

LVH that is apical or other with no LVOTO

Question 17

What are some M-mode findings for HCMO?

Answer 17

ASH

SAM

LVOTO

mitral valve E point to septal contact

Question 18

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 18

infiltration of the myocardium that results in stiff, rigid ventricular walls that impede diastolic filling, typically results in heart failure

Question 19

Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes biatrial enlargement.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What is the least common cardiomyopathy?

Answer 20

restrictive

Question 21

What is the difference between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 21

CP typically surrounds the whole heart, RCMO primarily effects the ventricles

Question 22

What are the five types of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 22

amyloidosis

sarcoidosis

hemochromatosis

pompes

endomyocardial fibrosis

Question 23

What type of restrictive cardiomyopathy is most common?

Answer 23

amyloidosis

Question 24

What is amyloidosis?

Answer 24

extracellular deposition of amyloid protein in multiple organ systems, causes stiffening of the heart

Question 25

What is sarcoidosis?

Answer 25

abnormal inflammatory masses that infiltrate organ systems, causing heart failure, PH, irregular rhythm

Question 26

What is hemochromatosis?

Answer 26

most common iron overload disease that causes iron deposits in muscle cells, causing heart failure and irregular rhythm

Question 27

What is pompes?

Answer 27

typically occurs early in life and is excessive glycogen storage in tissue, heart becomes enlarges and heavily thickened

Question 28

What is endomyocardial fibrosis?

Answer 28

fibrotic tissue lines myocardium

Question 29

Restrictive cardiomyopathy echo findings:

Answer 29

biventricular hypertrophy ground glass appearance of myocardium biatrial enlargement all valvular regurgitation