Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
(17 cards)
Define cardiomyopathy
Primary disease of the myocardium
Aetiology of cardiomyopathy (general +3 types)
Majority are IDIOPATHIC
May be:
dilated
hypertrophic
restrictive
Aetiology of cardiomyopathy - dilated
7
Post-viral myocarditis Alcohol Drugs (e.g. doxorubicin, cocaine) Familial Thyrotoxicosis Haemochromatosis Peripartum
Aetiology of cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic
Up to 50% are genetic
Aetiology of cardiomyopathy - restrictive
3
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Haemochromatosis
Epidemiology of cardiomyopathy
prevalence x2
Prevalence of dilated & hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is 0.05-0.2%
Restrictive is even rarer
Presenting symptoms of cardiomyopathy - dilated
4
Symptoms of heart failure
Arrhythmias
Thromboembolism
FH of sudden death
Presenting symptoms of cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic
5
Usually NO SYMPTOMS Syncope Angina Arrhythmias FH of sudden death
Presenting symptoms of cardiomyopathy - restrictive
5
Dyspnoea Fatigue Arrhythmias Ankle or abdo swelling FH of sudden death
Signs of cardiomyopathy on physical examination - dilated
3
Raised JVP
Displaced apex beat
Functional mitral & tricuspid regurgitations
Signs of cardiomyopathy on physical examination - hypertrophic
(3)
Jerky carotid pulse
Double apex beat
Ejection systolic murmur
Signs of cardiomyopathy on physical examination - restrictive
(6)
Raised JVP & Kussmaul sign Palpable apex beat 3rd heart sound Ascites Ankle oedema Hepatomegaly
Investigations for cardiomyopathy
6 types
CXR ECG Echocardiography Cardiac catheterisation Endomyocardial biopsy Pedigree or genetic analysis
Investigations for cardiomyopathy - CXR
2
May show cardiomegaly
May show signs of heart failure
Investigations for cardiomyopathy - ECG
3 all +3 hyper + restrictive
All types
Non-specific ST changes
Conduction defects
Arrhythmias
Hypertrophic
Left axis deviation
Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy
Q waves in inferior & lateral leads
Restrictive
Low voltage complexes
Investigations for cardiomyopathy - echocardiogram
dilated + hyper +5 restrictive
Dilated
Dilated ventricles w/ global hypokinesia
Hypertrophic Ventricular hypertrophy (asymmetrical septal hypertrophy)
Restrictive Non-dilated non-hypertrophied ventricles Atrial enlargement Preserved systolic function Diastolic dysfunction Granular or sparkling appearance of myocardium in amyloidosis
Define Kussmaul sign
paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration due to restricted filling of ventricles
