cardiopulmonary system Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
compents of the cardiovascular system
A
heart, vasculature, and blood
2
Q
functions of the cardiovascular system
A
deliver oxygen to cells
transports hormones
removed metabolic waste
protects the body
regulates bofy tem
3
Q
what is the function of the heart in the caardiovascular system
A
pumps blood to the body
4
Q
what is A closed network of vessels that transports blood
throughout the body
A
vasculature
5
Q
what transport blood away from the heart
A
arteries
6
Q
what transport blood toward the heart
A
veins
7
Q
what is the connection between arteries and veins to allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste
A
capillaries
8
Q
what are the 3 types of vessels
A
arteries
veins
capillaries
9
Q
when does vasculature developement begin
A
at 3-4 weeks after conception
10
Q
what is the formation of arteries and veins
A
vasculogenesis
11
Q
what cells differentiate into vessels
A
mesodermal cells
12
Q
what occurs onlt during embyronic development
A
vasculogenesis
13
Q
formation of vascular branches from existing blood
vessels
A
angiogensis
14
Q
what Occurs during embryonic development and throughout life (i.e. during healing)
A
angiogensis
15
Q
what are the 3 layers of blood vessels
A
tunica externa
tunica media
tunica intima
16
Q
whatis the outer connective tissue layer
A
tunia externa
17
Q
what is the middle smooth muscle layer
A
tunica media
18
Q
what is the iunner endothelial layer
A
tunica intima
19
Q
where are the large elastic arteries located
A
in the tunica media
20
Q
exampples of large elastic arteries are
A
aorta , left CCA
21
Q
medium musclar arteries are found where
A
in tunica media
22
Q
examples of medium muscular arteries is
A
femoral artery, axillary artery
23
Q
small arteries and arterioles control the fillins og
A
capillaries
24
Q
how many classes of viens are there
A
3
25
are viens or arteries larger
veins
26
are the walls thick or thin in veins
thin
27
are veisn large or small blood reservior
large
28
veins have
one way valves present
29
where are one way valves are typically located in the veins
inferior to the heart
30
what increase HR and cause vasoconstriction
sympathetic nervous system
31
what decreases HR and casues vasodilation
parasympathetic nervous system
32
what are the 2 type of receptors
barorecptors and chemoreceptors
33
where are the baroreceptors located
aorta and carotid sinus
34
what do the barorecptors detect
changes in BP
35
where are chemoreceptors located
in aorta and carotid bodies
36
what do chemoreceptros detect
change in pH and O2
37
when does the heart develop
approx. 3 wks after conception
38
Recognizable structure after
20 days
39
what beings to enlogate after 20 days
the heart tube
40
Circulation begins at approx.
4 weeks of gestation
41
when do heart and vessels develope
week 3
42
when does the heart being to beat and pump blood
week 4
43
when does the heart form into a 4 chamber strcuture
week 7
44
what are small passages for blood to travel through in order to bypass body parts that are not yet developed
shunting systems
45
what is the Foramen ovale in pre natal
R atrium to L atrium
46
what is Ductus arteriosus in pre natal
R pulmonary artery to aorta
47
what is the ductus venosus in pre natal
inferior vena cava to umbilicial vein
48
Shunting systems close and form
new strcutrues
49
what does the foramen ovale turn into
fossa ovalis
50
what does the ductus arteriousus turn into
ligamentum arteriosum
51
what does the umbilical vein turn into
ligamentum teres
52
what does the ductus venosus turn into
ligamentum venosum
53
what does theumbilical arteries turn into
lateral umbilical ligaments
54
___of live births have congenital heart disease
1%
55
what was the cause of death in the 1st year of life
congentital heart disease
56
in infancy and chikdhood what side of the heart becomes predominat
left
57
Left ventricular wall becomes twice as thick by
adulthood
58
Heart is initially oriented
horizontally
59
the heart changed to vertical orientation with
lung expansion and growth
60
heart volume at birth
40 mL
61
heart volue at 6 months
80 mL
62
heart volume at 2 years old
160 mL
63
Ratio of heart volume to body weight remains constant =
10 mL/kg of body weight*
64
in infancy and childhood changes in myocytes increase in
cross sectional area of muscle fibers
number of myofibrils
65
in infancy and childhood changes in myocytes increase in
force production
66
stroke volume leads to an increased
efficiency
67
there is no increase of number of myocytes in
infancy and childhood
68
1 vessel for every 6 muscle fibers
at birth
69
1:1 ration
adulthood
70
Fetal hemoglobin (Hb) levels ____post-natal Hb levels
greater than
71
fetal blood has more __ and less __ _____
Hb and less O2 saturation
72
as infacnts lungs begin to function blood has ___ Hb and ____ O2 saturation
less and more
73
Newborn Hb levels:
20 g/ 100 mL
74
3-6 month old Hb levels:
10 g/100 mL
75
Adult Hb levels:
14-16 g/mL
76
during infancy and childhood blood volume
increase
77
during infancy and childhood stroke volume
increase
78
during infancy and childhood heart rate
decreases
79
during infancy and childhood blood pressure
increases
80
in adolescence the left ventrucular size increases as
body mass increases
81
what happens to blood pressure as body weight increases
it increases
82
in adulthood heart size may increase due to
fatty deposition
mostly seen in women between 30-60
83
changes with aging in the heart: ___ number of myocytes but ___ in size
derease and increase
84
changes with aging in the heart: ___ in number of pacemaker cells in SA node which leades to ___ HR
decrease; slower
85
changes with aging in the heart: left ventricular wall becomes ___ which leads to ____ stroke volume
thicker , decreased
86
changes with aging in the heart: what becomes darker
myocardium
87
as you age the vessels become
thicker, stiffer and less flexible
88
do white or red blood cells decrease as you age
red
89
what is the leading cause of death
adult heart disease
90
how mnay heart attacker are there a year
1mil
91
how many adults have heart failure
5 mil
92
pulmonary system componets
lungs
airways
blood vessels
thorax
93
what is the Site of gas exchange (bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide)
lungs
94
what are Pathway for air to lungs called
airways
95
what Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
blood vessels
96
what Provides mechanical force
thorax
97
primary function of pulmonary system
gas excahnge
98
what is the conducting zone
passageway for air to travel into and out of lungs
99
where is the respiratory zone locared
deep in the lungs
100
nose , pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are examples of what zone
conducting
101
where is the respiratory system located
brain stem- medulla oblongata and pons
102
what dies the Sympathetic nervous system control
bronchial dilation
103
what does Parasympathetic nervous system
bronchial coonstrictin
104
what Detect changes in blood pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen
chemoreceptors
105
where are stretch receptros
in the lungs
106
what are the nerves for muscles ventilation
sensory and motor
107
control of the ventilation get control from the
autonomic nervius sytem
108
muscles of inspritation accessory
SCM
scalences gorup
pectoralic minor
109
what is it called when the amount of air remaining in the lungs following expiration
residual volume
110
total volume of air inspired and expired in one minute
mintue ventilation
110
amount of air inhaled or exhaled at rest with each breath
tidal volume
110
when is Differentiation of trachea and
bronchi
4-8 weeks of gestation
111
when do lung buds form
4-8 weeks of gestation
112
primitive alveoli form – development continues until birth
6 weeks
113
when is the conducting zone developed
8 weeks
114
when is surfactant produced
24 weeks
115
when is a full term baby
40 weeks
115
viable respiratory zone (vascularized terminal sacs and
surfactant)
26-28 weeks
116
36 weeks and before is known as what kind of baby
pre mature
117
pulmonary developement at birth : what way is the rib cage
horizontal
118
what are the achievement of sitting
ribs becoe angled
diaphragm dorms dome
ventilatory muscle
119
when does the number of alveoli stop increasing
8 years old
120
are airwasy smaller are larger in childeren
smaller
121
there is a decreased smooth muscle in bronchiole wall untill waht age
3-4 years
122
decrease alveolar elasticity until
puberty
123
increased risk of respiratory infections until waht age
6-8 years
124
in adolcense there is an ___ size of proximal airways and vasculature
increased
125
when do smooth muscle in arterial walls of alveoli are FULLY DEVELOPMENTED
19 years old
126
when are there functional impairments that are evident ?
beginning in the 7th decade of life (60;s)
127
there is a decrease in ___ and ___ in lungs as you become older
compliance and elasticity
128
where is there a decease in vital capacity and increase in residual volume by the age of
70 dur to impaired elastic recoil
129
what is the efficiency of the cardiovascular system
cardiac output
130
what is the effocoency of the pulmonary system
mintue ventilation
131
maximal ability of an indidvuals body to transport and use oxygen for energy production
maximal aerobic capacity
132
how to find cardiac output
stroke volume x heart rate
133
how to find minute ventilation
tidal volume x respiratory rate
