Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Lung in Non-malignant Situations Flashcards
What are the main causes of lung abscesses?
- Aspiration
- Pneumonia
- PTE
- Lung cancer
- Septic emboli
What are the main causes of empyema thoracis?
- Post pneumonic
- Post operative
- Oesophageal
- Upper abdominal related
- Osteomyelitis
- Post traumatic
Why is empyema sometimes referred to as a trapped lung?
Pus collects in the pleural space and there is pleural thickening which prevents the lung from re-expanding
Give 5 examples of thymic tumours.
- Thymoma
- Thymolipoma
- Thymic carcinoma
- Carcinoid tumours of the thymus
- Lymphoma
Give 2 examples of tracheal tumours.
- Salivary gland tumours
- Squamous carcinoma
Why might tracheal surgery be carried out?
- Repair of iatrogenic injury
- Tracheal tumours
Give examples of benign lung tumours (6)
- Hamartoma
- Fibroma
- Lipoma
- Neural tumours
- Papillomas
- Chondroma
What are the 3 things that need to be considered with pneumothorax?
- Primary vs secondary
- Recurrent vs persistent
- Open pneumothorax
What do giant bulla of the lung respond according to?
Boyle’s law
What are the indications for surgery in pneumothorax?
- Recurrence
- Persistence
- Sometime after 1 episode if it doesn’t resolve
What are the surgeries that are carried out in response to pneumothorax?
- Pleurodesis
- Pleurectomy
When do bronchogenic cysts develop?
Present from birth
How do bronchogenic cysts cause symptoms?
By pressing on the trachea or oesophagus
What group of cysts do bronchogenic cysts belong to?
Foregut duplication cysts
What conditions may lead to lung transplantation?
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Emphysema
