cardiovascular

Question 1

when the heart becomes an inefficient pump and is unable to meet the body’s demands

Answer 1

heart failure

Question 2

when the blood is oxygenated when it passes through the lungs, but is not well circulated to the organs and tissues

Answer 2

heart failure

Question 3

what leads to systemic and pulmonary edema, which further impairs gas exchange

Answer 3

impaired circulation - heart failure

Question 4

a heart muscle disorder that results in heart enlargement and impaired cardiac cantractility

Answer 4

cardiomyopathy

Question 5

what occurs when the oxygen requirements are unmet

Answer 5

cardiac ischemia

Question 6

what does prolonged ischemia lead too

Answer 6

MI

Question 7

plaque builds up inside the arteries reducing the blood flow to the heart muscle

Answer 7

coronary heart disease

Question 8

what are alterations in heart rhythms

Answer 8

dysthymia

Question 9

what is caused by dysthymia

Answer 9

lower cardiac output and decrease tissue oxygenation

Question 10

what creates turbulent flow in the heart

Answer 10

heart valve abnormalities

Question 11

what does heart valve abnormalities lead to

Answer 11

decrease in cardiac output ans compromised tissue oxygenation

Question 12

what valves are most commonly affected with heart valve abnormalities

Answer 12

mitral and aortic

Question 13

heart normally have a audible what

Answer 13

murmer

Question 14

impaired blood flow to and from organs and tissues

Answer 14

peripheral vascular abnormalities

Question 15

disrupt flow of oxygenated blood to tissues

Answer 15

arterial abnormalities

Question 16

s/s of a arterial abnormality

Answer 16

pallor, pain, weak or absent pulse, poor capillary refill, cool skin, and tissue dysfunction

Question 17

disrupt blood return to the heart

Answer 17

venous abnormalities

Question 18

s/s of venous abnormalities

Answer 18

edema, brown skin discoloration, and tissue dysfunction example: Stasis ulcers

Question 19

when the blood is unable to carry adequate amounts of oxygen

Answer 19

hypoxia

Question 20

abnormally low level of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both

Answer 20

anemia

Question 21

what happens when carbon monoxide is inhaled

Answer 21

co2 binds tightly to hemoglobin at the oxygen receptor sites making it impossible to carry oxygen

Question 22

what are the test of blood oxygenation

Answer 22

pulse oximetry, capnography, arterial blood gases

Question 23

what is the primary assessment of a person experiencing chest pain

Answer 23

assessment of the chest pain

Question 24

what is a electrocardiogram

Answer 24

(ECG)- rendering of the electrical activity of the heart- it illustrates electrical activity but not mechanical activity

Question 25

what is the purposes of cardiac monitoring

Answer 25

identify the patients baseline rhythm and rate, recognize significant changes, recognize lethal dysrhythmias that require immediate intervention

Question 26

what is the p wave

Answer 26

represents the firing of the SA node and conduction of the impulse through the atria.

Question 27

what is the QRS complex

Answer 27

represents ventricular depolarization and leads to ventricular contraction

Question 28

what is the T wave

Answer 28

the return of the ventricles to an electrical resting state so they can be stimulated again

Question 29

what intervention can reduce the risk pf clot formation in the legs

Answer 29

frequent position changes

Question 30

right sided heart failure

Answer 30

right ventricle doesn't pump sufficient amount of blood for lungs to oxygenate and blood backs up into the peripheral veins

Question 31

left sided heart failure

Answer 31

left ventricle doesn't pump sufficient amounts of pump to body organs and tissues

Question 32

what does primary cardiomyopathy occur from

Answer 32

genetic or non cardiovascular causes

Question 33

what does secondary cardiomyopathy occur form

Answer 33

results from another cardiovascular disease

Question 34

what is angina pectoris

Answer 34

transient chest pain due to myocardial ischemia - tissue becomes injured but does not die

Question 35

what occurs during valve stenosis

Answer 35

the valve narrows

Question 36

what occurs during valve incompetence

Answer 36

the valve fails to close tightly

Question 37

environmental factors that influence circulation and perfusion

Answer 37

stress, allergic reactions, heat and cold, altitude

Question 38

lifestyle factors that influence circulation and perfusion

Answer 38

pregnancy, obesity, exercise, tobacco use, substance abuse, nutrition

Question 39

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for preschool and school age

Answer 39

growth, diet, and obesity, some older children begin habits of tobacco use

Question 40

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for adolescents

Answer 40

substance abuse, diet, and obesity - although they are at risk for cardiovascular disease, some athletes can be at risk for collapse from cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 41

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for adults

Answer 41

lifestyle, stress, heredity, diet, exercise, obesity, tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle

Question 42

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for older adults

Answer 42

lower exercise tolerance, prone to orthostatic hypotension, decreased myocardial strength, thicker and more rigid valves