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physiology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

major 3 components of cardiovascular system:

A
  • Blood
  • heart
  • blood vessels
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2
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart

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3
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood toward heart

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4
Q

Arterioles

A

Control blood blow

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

nutrient and gas exchange

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6
Q

Atrial diastole

A

resting phase where atria fill with blood

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7
Q

atrial systole

A

atria contract and force blood into ventricles

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8
Q

What are the Lub dub sounds?

A

Lub- closure of AV valves/beginning of ventricular systole

Dub- start of ventricular contraction/semilunar valves closing/diastole

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9
Q

cardiac muscle:

A
  • involuntary
  • striated
  • electrical signals allow cell to work as one
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10
Q

pacemaker cells

A
  • undergo spontaneous depolarisation which conducts the heart muscles automatically by stimulating AP’s
  • never at rest due to a constant leaking of ions
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11
Q

Action potential of pacemaker cells and their values?

A

No resting membrane potential

Na+ and Ca+ influx= +20mv

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11
Q

Action potential of pacemaker cells and their values?

A

Resting membrane potential= -100mv
Na+ influx= +20mv
Calcium influx= =10mv

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12
Q

What are the 3 waves in an electrocardiogram?

A
  • p wave
  • QRS complex
  • T wave
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13
Q

What is a p wave?

A

small upward deflection caused by the depolarisation of the atria during atrial systole

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13
Q

QRS complex:

A

ventricular depolarisation

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14
Q

T wave:

A

small upward defection caused by ventricular depolarisation, and ventricular relaxation

15
Q

Tachycardia

A

High heart rate over 100BPM

16
Q

Bradycardia

A

Low heart rate below 60 BPM

17
Q

What does noradrenaline do to the heart?

A

increases the HR by acting through B1 adrenoreceptors in the SA node in response to stress, exercise, or excitement causing faster depolarisation

18
Q

how does acetylcholine work on the heart?

A

works through the vagus nerve innovating the SA node, targeting the muscarinic cholinergic receptor, effecting the funny channels; slowing down the time it takes for AP to begin, slowing down HR

19
Q

What control centre of the brain effects HR?

A

medulla oblonga

20
Q

Mechanical events of cardiac cycle: (5)

A
  1. Late diastole
  2. Atrial systole
  3. Isovolumic ventricular contraction
  4. Ventricular ejection
  5. Isovolumic ventricular relaxation
21
Q

What is end diastolic volume?

A
  • 130ml

* Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole when there are equal volumes in both sides of the heart

22
Q

Blood pressure:

A
  • driving force for blood flow through brachial artery

physiology (10 decks)

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