Cardiovascular

Question 1

Blood vessels are

Answer 1

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 2

What is hemodynamics ???

Answer 2

Flow of blood through the body

Question 3

Volumen of blood is affected by

Answer 3

Fluid ingested 
Kidney function 
Heat 
Cold 
Illness

Question 4

Vasoconstriction vs vasodilation

Answer 4

Vasoconstriction: decrease diameter blood vessels

Vasodilation: increase diameter

Question 5

Which Neurological systems affect the blood vessels???

Answer 5

Sympathetic: stimulates constriction of the blood vessels

Question 6

Factors affecting blood flow

Answer 6

Sympathetic NS
kidney
Atherosclerosis

Question 7

High densityliproprotein (HDL) is called

Answer 7

Good cholesterol

Question 8

LDL is called

Answer 8

Bad cholesterol, leading to heart attack, stroke, pulmonary embolism

Question 9

Captopril is a drug for_____ that is in the category of _____ because block ____. Can not be taken with ______

Answer 9

1-hypertention
2-ACE inhibitor
3-angiotensin II
4- avoid w/ diuretic, K N, lithium

Question 10

What is a severe drug reaction for ACE inhibitor?

Answer 10

Severe hypotension
Metallic taste
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema

Question 11

ACE Inhibitors should be suspended when the patient report

Answer 11

dry cough

Angioedema

Question 12

Losartan is a medication to treat ______ and enter in the category of _____.

Answer 12

1-Hypertension, prevent stroke

2-Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

Question 13

ARBs unlike ACE INHIBITORS DON’T CAUSE

Answer 13

COUGH

HYPERKALEMIA

Question 14

Aldosterone antagonist (RAAS) is effective in treating________ and the drug classification is ____

Answer 14

1-heart failure or Myocardial infarction

2-Eplerenone

Question 15

The side effect of eplerenone is

Answer 15

hyperkalemia.

Question 16

Sings of hyperkalemia

Answer 16

palpitations, muscle twitching, weakness, or paresthesia in the extremities.

Nursing intervention
monitor clients’ potassium levels, blood urea nitrogen, ( BUN), and creatinine.

Question 17

Aliskiren (Tekturna) is a drug to treat _____ and is in the category of _______ and adverse reactions is ______

Answer 17

1-hypertention
2-direct rening inhibitor
3-Hyperkalemia, angioedema, cough

Question 18

True or false
The direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren, is available in oral form only. Don’t give it with a high fat meal, because absorption will be
Increase.

Answer 18

Fasle it will decrease

Question 19

Nifedipine drug classification ____is uses to trat_____ and is administered with ______ to prevent tachycardia

Answer 19

1-Ca channel blockers
2-hypertention angina
3-beta blockers

Question 20

The use of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, is contraindicated with_______

Answer 20

grapefruit, rifampin, rifabutin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or St. John’s
wort.
Use these with caution in clients with severe renal and/or hepatic impairment, history of heart failure or severe ventricular
arrhythmias. Use cautiously in geriatric clients.

Question 21

Alpha1 receltors cause_____ while beta 1 receltor _____

Answer 21

1-vasoconstriction

2-vasodilation

Question 22

Doxazosin and prazosin, drugs classification

Answer 22

1-alpha1 blockers

Question 23

Atenolol, metoprolol(lopressor) esmelol, propranolol. Drug classification________ and is used to treat ____

Answer 23

1-Beta1 blocker

2- hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 24

Beta blockers are containdicated in patients with

Answer 24

Sinus bradycardia
1er degree heart blocker
Severe heart failure
Hyperthyroidism

Question 25

There are three main categories of drugs that support the treatment of heart failure.

Answer 25

diuretics, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System | (RAAS) Inhibitors, and beta blockers.

Question 26

The most common cause of heart failure is

Answer 26

hypertension and myocardial infarction

Question 27

Which are rge three types of diuretics that support the treatment of heart failure.

Answer 27

thiazide, potassium-sparing, and loop diuretics.

Question 28

Thiazide is a_____ medication used to treat____,______and ____.The side effects are_______

Answer 28

1-duiretic 2-hypertension, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal failure. 3- fluid and electrolyte imbalance(hypokalimia)

Question 29

When caring for clients on a thiazide diuretic, be sure to monitor______

Answer 29

``` serum electrolyte imbalance Dysrhytmias Hypokalemia Uric acid levels Blood glucose level ```

Question 30

Last dose of Thiazide should be given at ________ to prevent ________.

Answer 30

1-3:00pm | 2- nocturia and sleep loss

Question 31

so clients on thiazide diuretics and digoxin need to carefully watch their potassium levels.

Answer 31

ojo

Question 32

Furosemide is a__________drug type to treat____________.

Answer 32

1-loop diuretic | 2-pulmunary edema or cardiac failure

Question 33

Furosemide drug reaction:

Answer 33

``` electrolyte imbalance Hypotension Ototoxicity Increase uric acid level Hyperglycemia ```

Question 34

In contrast to thiazide diuretics that frequently cause hypokalemia, there is a category of diuretics that are called________These diuretics treat hypertension, edema caused by heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome, and hypokalemia.

Answer 34

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 35

When caring for a client who are taking spiromolactone monitor

Answer 35

serum K level | Cardiac dysrhyrlthmias

Question 36

Inotropic agent include ______to treat ________________.Which adverse reactions are____________

Answer 36

1-inotropic 2-heart failure, atrial fibrillation and flutter cardia disrhythmias. 3-cardiac dysrhythmias,GI symptoms (toxicity )

Question 37

As a nurse which intervention is performed when a patient is taking digoxin???

Answer 37

``` Monitor GI Symptoms CNS effect Apil pulse Serum K Cardic dysrhythmias ```

Question 38

Dobutamine

Answer 38

inotropic sympathomimetic to treat HF but only IV administration

Question 39

Which are the side effects of dobutamine and dopamine ???? With what medication interact ???

Answer 39

tachycardia Cardiac dysrhythmias Anginal.pain MAOI and Tricyclic antidepressant And beta blockers

Question 40

Which intervention is performed when a patient is taking Dobutamine or Dopamine

Answer 40

Hearth rate Blood Pressure Urine output ECG tracing

Question 41

Which two drugs are used to treat heart disease ??

Answer 41

antilipemics and antianginals

Question 42

Atorvastatin or Lipitor is used to treat______.those drugs decrease____ and increse______. But is contraindicated in patients with ______

Answer 42

1-coronary heart disease 2-LDL 3-HDL 4-liver disease or elevated AST,ALT

Question 43

Statin deugs interaction

Answer 43

grape juice Warfarin Drugs that inhibit CYP3A4

Question 44

What lab values a nurse should monitor when a patient is taking Gemfibrozil????

Answer 44

``` gall bladder stone CPK Liver funtion Myopathy GI symptoms ```

Question 45

Main drugs to treat coronary heart disease under the category of antianginals

Answer 45

nitrates Beta blockers Ca channel blockers

Question 46

Nitroglycerin treat______and side effects are ________.

Answer 46

1-Coronary heart disease | 2-hypotention, tachycardia

Question 47

Lidocaine is used to treat _______ and it is a _____drug category. It can cause a decrease in _______seen in a ECG. And one important side effects is in a ______

Answer 47

1-cardiac Dysrhythmias 2-Na channel blockes 3-QT interval 4-CNS

Question 48

Avoid Lidocaine with _____

Answer 48

beta blockers Quinidine Procainamides Phenytoin

Question 49

Digoxin is effective in treating heart failure due to which pharmacological actions? (Select all that apply.) ``` 1-Decreases sympathetic tone 2-Exert positive inotropic action 3-Decrease cardiac output 4-Increase vascular constriction 5-Increase myocardial contractility ```

Answer 49

1 2 5

Question 50

A client starts drug therapy, but the following day he reports that he is having palpitations. His ECG at the emergency department indicates frequent premature ventricular contractions, so the primary care provider prescribes a stat dose of lidocaine, 50 mg via IV bolus. A health care professional who administers the drug monitors the client for which adverse reactions to lidocaine? Metabolic alkalosis Hypertension Tachycardia Paresthesias

Answer 50

Paresthesias

Question 51

A primary care provider prescribes captopril to treat the client's hypertension and also help alleviate his heart failure. It is essential for a health care provider to make sure a client understands that he should not take which over-the-counter drugs while taking captopril? Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Calcium carbonate (Tums)

Answer 51

Ibuprofen

Question 52

A primary care provider then prescribes quinidine gluconate as an oral antidysrhythmic agent. A health care professional should question the use of quinidine for a client taking digoxin, due to a possible drug interaction that can result in which adverse effect?

Answer 52

Digoxin toxicity

Question 53

A client is taking bumetanide and spironolactone. You explain to the client that using these drugs together may reduce the risk of which adverse effects?

Answer 53

Hypokalimia

Question 54

A client is about to start taking hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. To assess for adverse effects of this drug, you monitor for which during drug therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 54

Hyponatrimia Hypokemia Dehydration

Question 55

A client is about to start taking aliskiren to treat hypertension. Which of the following should you tell the client to avoid to ensure optimal absorption of this drug?

Answer 55

Fatty food

Question 56

Person with ventricular dysfunction can no take ???

Answer 56

Verapamil