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acute care > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Perfusion triangle in a nutshell
heart blood and vessels

A

Heart - pump
Blood - contents
Vessels - containers
when one of these go out this results in hemodynamic instability

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2
Q

ways can cardiac output be adversely affected?

A

HR and SV increase or decrease

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3
Q

MAP - define

A

average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle

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4
Q

Norms MAP and what decreased values indicate

A

Normal: 70 – 100 mmHg
Decreased: not enough blood flow to major organs → can lead to permanent damage

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5
Q

Ejection fraction define

A

percentage of blood pumped per ventricular contraction

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6
Q

Non stemi or Stemi which is more severe

A

stemi ( ST elevation) is more serious than nstemi ( ST depression)
indicates MI

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7
Q

Normal EF values and decrease in EF indicates

A

60 %
decreased = cardiomyopathy, weak heart muscles

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8
Q

ST elevation indicates

A

MI

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9
Q

ST depression of 1-2mm indicates

A

ischemia

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10
Q

know how to ID BP, MAP, HR, RR, SpO2

A

GREEN: HR
RED: BP
PURPLE: this is also BP (from a cuff) and shows last 5 readings
YELLOW: this measures pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) via a Swan Ganz catheter.
BLUE: oxygen saturation
WHITE: RR

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11
Q

What does this ECG show? can lead to?

A

AFIB
most common heart arrhythmia; can lead to syncope due to no atrial kick
Found with CHF, CAD, HTN, other cardiac conditions

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12
Q

What does this ECG show? can lead to?

A

V tach- Some blood filling in ventricles
most common after acute MI

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13
Q

What does this ECG show? can lead to?

A

V fib
chaotic rate and rhythm; will lead to death if untreated

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14
Q

What does this ECG show? can lead to?

A

Pt. reports skipped beat
If it continues = insufficient pumping of blood

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15
Q

Agonal Rhythm

A

irregular, < 20bpm, near death

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16
Q

AV Blocks

A

rhythm disturbance where electrical conduction from atria to ventricles is partially or completely blocked

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17
Q

Valvular heart disease

A

affects one or more of the 4 valves in the heart
stenosis - narrowing
regurgitation- backflow of blood
prolapse- valve not holding

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18
Q

Myocardial heart disease

A

affect heart muscle tissue, referred to as cardiomyopathy

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19
Q

Pericardial heart disease:

A

affects the pericardium, may be referred to as pericarditis

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20
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

fluid in pericardium , ventricles cant expand, affects EF + SV

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21
Q

Thrombolytic Therapy indications and contraindications

Study These Flashcards
A

chest pain suggesting MI, elevated ST segment, bundle branch block
NOT FOR pts who are risk for bleeding

22
Q

PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
PT consideration

Study These Flashcards
A

Pt. had reduced circulation – monitor vitals

23
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

Study These Flashcards
A

used post MI
Vascular graft is used to REVASCULARIZE myocardium when coronary artery is occluded
saphenous veins, internal mammary artery, or radial artery

24
Q

Sternal Precautions

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. no UE pushing or pulling
  2. overheadreaching (>90 degrees)
  3. no lifting objects >10 lbs, 4. Driving is usually restricted as well.
25
Automatic Implantable cardiac defibrillator purpose and PT consideration
manages ventricular arrhythmia by defibrillating myocardium ** watch HR and BP
26
AICD/ICD (Automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator)
Battery powered device under skin monitors heart rate Delivers shock if abnormal rhythm detected ** pts heart rate may change with physical activity ( may not have rate modulation)
27
External defibrilator - life vest
Worn by patients at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest
28
VAD (Ventricular assist device)
used to support pulmonary /systemic circulation can be for terminal treatment
29
precautions VAD
emergency procedures in case of battery failure, maintain patency of drive lines with external pump, MONITOR HEMODYNAMICS
30
precautions VAD
emergency procedures in case of battery failure, maintain patency of drive lines with external pump, monitor hemodynamics
31
precautions VAD
emergency procedures in case of battery failure, monitor hemodynamics
32
stable vs. unstable angina
stable angina - predictable and triggered by exercise , relieved by rest or nitroglycerin unstable angina - occurs at rest, more likely to lead to an MI
33
Marburg Heart Score used for
Predicts likelihood of dx of CAD
34
Heart rate activity level monitoring general recommendation?
average population: 20 to 30 beat increase
35
HR activity level monitoring for pts on beta blockers?
do not exceed 20 beats above resting HR
36
AICD HR activity level monitoring
target HR 20-30 beats below threshold rate on defibrillator
37
Post heart transplant activity
HR not an accurate measure
38
HHR (HR recovery) define
difference between peak HR with exercise minus HR at 60 seconds
39
Normotensive systolic blood response
increase 5-12 mm Hg per increase in METs
40
What are MET values
metabolic equivalents how many calories you burn during physical activity
41
abnormal response in BP
Systolic decrease of 10 mm Hg below resting Systolic response of > 180 mm Hg Diastolic response of > 110 mm Hg
42
Know METs <4
sitting - 1.3 standing - 1.8 home activity ( folding laundry and putting it away) - 2.3 Home activity (moderate effort of cleaning): 3.5
43
Know METs ≥4
walking: 4.3 yardwork : 5.0 running: 23.0
44
RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (RPE) modified borg scale
Borg RPE Scale (6-20)
45
Onset of murmurs, S3 heart sounds, S4 heart sounds indicates
potential cardiac decline
46
Presence or increase in bibasilar crackles
potentially indicates CHF
47
cardiac rehab Phase I what setting
Started as soon as patient is stable Begins in inpatient setting (acute care, TCU, subacute, SNF)
48
cardiac rehab Phase I goal
= tolerate ADLs, = walking functional distances, climbing stairs (1-4 METS) with appropriate VS no cardiovascular symptoms = Education about risk factors and lifestyle modifications ESSENTIAL
49
cardiac rehab Phase II what setting what is continued and progressed
Early outpatient rehab Usually starts about 2 weeks after cardiac event Continues patient education Progresses exercises and activities
50
cardiac Phase III - setting and goal
Maintenance and prevention Usually begins 2-3 months after cardiac event
51
What is Auscultation
evaluate valve function, rate, and rhythm, valve compliance, and ventricular compliance
52
Pitting Edema scale know generally
1 to 4 mild to severe

acute care (13 decks)

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