Cardiovascular 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
organism considered as NSF but can cause serious infection like PROSTHETIC JOINT, NATIVE VALVE ENDOCARDITIS, SEPSIS, AND MENINGITIS- MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PROSTHETIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS
-NOSOCOMIAL
-VERY VIRULENT AND MULTI DRUG RESISTANT
-VANCOMYCIN IS THE DRUG OF CHOICE
CORYNEBACTERIUM JEIKEIUM
C jeikeium
Colonial morphology:
Gram
Catalase
Urease
Sucrose
Ppt/ small white NH, strict aerobe
Small pleomorphic gpb
pos
neg
neg
group of fastidious gnb that are slow-growing
- may take >5 days to grow
-all like increased carbon dioxide for growth
-NF on mouth but have been associated with MOUTH INFECTIONS
-can also cause NATIVE OR PROSTHETIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS
-TENDS TO CAUSE SUBACTUE ENDOCARDITIS
HACEK organisms
organisms that make up the HACEK group
Haemophilus spp, including H aprophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae
HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: coccobacilli
CULTURE ON BA: Star-shaped center
Aggregataibacter
HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: small gnb, oxidase negative
CULTURE ON BA: yellowish NH, does not need X or V
Haemophilus aprophilus
HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: small gnb, Rosette formation, Oxidase pos
CULTURE ON BA: Slight AH
Cardiobacterium hominis
HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: small gnb, oxidase pos
CULTURE ON BA: pits agar in CO2, needs hemmin, Smells like bleach
Eikenella corrodens
HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: plump gram-variable bacilli, oxidase pos
CULTURE ON BA: Colonial variation- can be mucoid- slight BH
Kingella kingae
a normal flora on the mouth of humans and animals
-mostly causes PERIODONTAL DISEASE
-Immunocompromised person (especially those with spleen removed) at risk of SEPTICEMIA AND ENDOCARDITIS
-GNB SLENDER WITH POINTED ENDS (fusiform)
-facultative anaerobe but like CO2
-slow-growing 48-72 hours
-GROWS ON BA/CHOC- SMALL COLONIES WITH A FILM THAT SPREADS AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE COLONY DUE TO GLIDING MOTILITY
Capnocytophaga
an extremely infectious organism-transmitted by INGESTION OF UNPASTEURIZED DAIRY OR INHALATION OR PENETRATION THROUGH SKIN CUTS- CAUSES BRUCELLOSIS
Brucella species
Brucella species:
from cattle
Brucella abortus
Brucella species:
from pigs
Brucella suis
Brucella species:
from dogs
Brucella canis
Brucella species:
from goat or sheep
Brucella melitensis
Brucella species are _____ when working with clinical specimen
______ when growing and working with actual culture plates, usually sent to ___
BL2
BL3; PHL
Brucella identification:
Specimens: Blood, tissues, fluid, bone marrow
Cultures incubated for __ days before a negative report can be sent out
Grows on BA, CHOC, and Brucella agar+ casein in __- ___% CO2
Small grey NH, ______ on MAC
gram: _____, Oxidase & urease positive
Only need ID to _____ level
REPORT TO MOH- CONSIDERED A POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM AGENT
21
5-10%
No growth
GNCB
genus
are nutritionally variant Streptococci
-normal oral flora, can cause endocarditis and septicemia
-require PYRIDOXAL, a form of B6 to grow
-grows in BC vials because human blood has vitamin B6
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
to recover Abiotrophia and Granulicatella when cultured to agar you need to add ________ in the blood agar ingredients or as a disk or a staph streak
Pyridoxal
microaerophilic organisms that must be plated to CHOC or Campy media and needs 42C
-might be missed in routine BC vial culture
-sometimes DIFFICULT to gram
Campylobacter spp
to gram stain Campylobacter spp, use basic_______ or ______ _______ for better results
fuchsin
acridine orange
for Mycobacteria spp:
BC media needs enrichment like ____ or __________ base
may take __ - ___ weeks to grow
LJ or Middlebrook
6-8
zoonotic organisms from cows or goats that are highly infectious
-transmitted via inhalation or rarely by eating raw animal products
<5% of those infected especially those with defects or vascular grafts will get endocarditis
-FASTIDIOUS GNB, OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN, WON’T GROW ON ROUTINE MEDIA
-MUST USE SEROLOGY TO DIAGNOSE ENDOCARDITIS
-BL3 ORGANISMS THAT ARE HIGHLY INFECTIOUS
Coxiella burnetii
a type of endocarditis caused by Coxiella burnetii
Q fever
