Cardiovascular Flashcards
(41 cards)
Definition of unstable angina
Angina that is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest
Antihypertensive for a diabetic px with proteinuria
ACEI
Beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade
Hypotension, distant heart sounds and JVD
Drugs that slow the heart rate
Beta-blockers, CCBs, digoxin, amiodarone
Hypercholesterolemia tx that leads to flushing and pruritus
Niacin
Murmur - hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
A systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with a decreasing preload (Valsalva maneuver)
Murmur - aortic insufficiency
Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up; increases with increasing afterload (handgrip)
Murmur - aortic stenosis
A systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; increases with increasing preload (squatting maneuver)
Murmur - mitral regurgitation
A holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla; increases with increasing afterload (handgrip maneuver)
Murmur - mitral stenosis
A diastolic, mid- to late, low-pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap
Tx for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
If unstabl, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate control with CCBs or beta-blockers
Tx for ventricular fibrillation
Immediate cardioversion
Dressler ‘s syndrome
An autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis and increased ESR occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI
IV drug use with JVD and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Tx?
Treat existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Echocardiogram (showing a thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)
Pulsus paradoxus
A decrease in systolic BP of >10mmHg with inspiration; seen in cardiac tamponade
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis
Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation
Definition of HTN
BP >140/90mmHg on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart
Eight surgically correctable causes of HTN
Renal artery stenosis (RAS), coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit
Abdominal US and CT
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
> 5.5cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic or ruptured
Tx for acute coronary syndrome
ASA, heparin, clopidogrel, morphine, oxygen, sublingual nitroglycerin, IV beta-blockers
Metabolic syndrome
Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, HTN, insulin resistance, prothrombic or proinflammatory states
Appropriate diagnostic test?
- 50 yr old man with stable angina can exercise to 85% of maximum predicted heart rate
- A 65 yr old woman with left bundle branch block and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina
- Exercise stress treadmill with ECG
2. Pharmacologic stress test (eg dobutamine echo)
