Cardiovascular

Question 1

period of ventricular contraction. Tri/bicupid valves close

Answer 1

systole S1

Question 2

period of ventricular relaxation and refill

Answer 2

diastole

Question 3

closing of aortic valve. end of systole

Answer 3

S2

Question 4

represents atrial depolarization

Answer 4

p wave

Question 5

represents ventricular depolarization

Answer 5

QRS complex

Question 6

represents repol of ventricles

Answer 6

T wave

Question 7

normal CO =

Answer 7

4-6 L/min

Question 8

most common cause of hopitalization and death in older Americans

Answer 8

cardiovascular dysfunction CVD

Question 9

hypertension blood pressure

Answer 9

140/90

Question 10

hypertension w/ unknown cause

Answer 10

primary

Question 11

hypertension 2* another identifiable medical problem

Answer 11

secondary

Question 12

BP that fluctuates btwn normal and HTN

Answer 12

labile

Question 13

HTN BP Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3

Answer 13

1. 140-159/90-99
2. 160-179/100-109
3. 180+/110+

Question 14

modifiable HTN risk factors (3)

Answer 14

1. DM
2. stress
3. obesity

Question 15

w/ HTN check BP….

Answer 15

before, during and after tx

Question 16

HTN when exercising, BP may decrease as much as…

Answer 16

10-20mmHg

Question 17

arthrosclerosis of the arteries of the heart

Answer 17

coronary artery disease CAD

Question 18

plaque formation in artery resulting in progressive occlusion and decreased elasticity

Answer 18

arthrosclerosis

Question 19

first and second most common sites for arthrosclerosis

Answer 19

1. brain

2. heart

Question 20

most prevalent risk factor for CAD

Answer 20

lack of exercise

Question 21

chest pain that is a result of a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery. Temporary pain that starts suddenly and radiates. Goes away when activity stops

Answer 21

angina pectoralis

Question 22

development of ischemia (decr blood flow) w/ resultant necrosis of myocardial tissue.

Answer 22

Myocardial Infaction MI

Question 23

MI s/s (5)

Answer 23

1. chest pain
2. nausea
3. dyspnea
4. pale
5. weakness

Question 24

MI no gross pathological changes

Answer 24

0-6 hours

Question 25

MI grossly pale w/ swelling

Answer 25

6-18 hours

Question 26

MI gray color w/ fine yellow streaks. Edges may be red

Answer 26

24-48 hours

Question 27

MI heart wall thinner

Answer 27

8-10 days

Question 28

MI necrotic tissue replaced by scar tissue

Answer 28

6-8 weeks

Question 29

MI scar tissue more firm and less vascular. Appears pale

Answer 29

2-3 months

Question 30

Not a disease but a condition in which heart does not meet body's needs. Group of clinical manifestations. Ischemic and pulmonary edema (L side)

Answer 30

Congestive heart failure CHF

Question 31

disease in which contraction and relaxation of myocardial mm fibers are impaired. Transplant

Answer 31

cardiomyopathy

Question 32

result of endocarditis. 3 types: stenosis, insufficiency, and prolapse

Answer 32

valve dysfunction

Question 33

stop PT w/ valve dysfunction if... (3)

Answer 33

1. coughing 2. weakness/fatigue 3. pale

Question 34

uses another vessel to bypass occluded vessel

Answer 34

CABG surgery

Question 35

uses balloon at end of catheter to widen lumen of artery

Answer 35

PCTA

Question 36

sternal precautions (2)

Answer 36

1. don't lift arms above 90* | 2. don't lift more than 10#

Question 37

cardiac rehab components (5)

Answer 37

1. education 2. exercise 3. physical 4. psychological 5. functional

Question 38

Cardiac rehab contraindications (4)

Answer 38

1. SBP: 200+ DBP: 110+ 2. BP drops >20 3. arrhythmia (uncontrolled) 4. DM (uncontrolled)

Question 39

phase 1 cardiac rehab

Answer 39

3-5 days. counteract bed rest

Question 40

phase 2 cardiac rehab

Answer 40

6 weeks. vitals monitored. functional

Question 41

phase 3 cardiac rehab

Answer 41

6 weeks. weaned monitoring. more intense

Question 42

phase 4 cardiac rehab

Answer 42

1 year. preventative

Question 43

cardiac rehab advice (6)

Answer 43

1. get up everyday 2. pace 3. sleep 6-8 hours 4. avoid extreme temp 5. avoid heavy objects 6. Look out for GERDS

Question 44

disproportionate responses to exercise HR

Answer 44

HR decr >10

Question 45

disproportionate responses to exercise BP (

Answer 45

1. SBP decr > 20 2. SBP incr >40 3. SBP >180 notify physician 4. SBP >200 stop

Question 46

stop post MI HR increases....

Answer 46

incr >20 bpm or HR >120

Question 47

stop post CABG HR increases...

Answer 47

incr >30 bpm or HR >130