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Flashcards in Cardiovascular Deck (42)
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1
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

ACE Inhibitors

2
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia

A

Adenosine
Beta-blockers
Unstable SVT -DC cardiovert

3
Q

Torsades de Pointes

Type of ventricular tachycardia

A

Magnesium Sulphate

4
Q

Sinus Sick Syndrome (SA node dysfunction)

A

Pacing

5
Q

Sinus Bradycardia (<60bpm)

A

Common in inferior STEMIs

Atropine (>600mg)

6
Q

Myocarditis

A

Supportive Treatment

7
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
Oxygen
Beta-blockers
Endocarditis
Prophylaxis
Surgery
8
Q

Pericarditis

A

Supportive for viral causes

Antibiotics for specific bacterial cases

9
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Balloon dilation

Stenting surgery

10
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A
Treat underlying cause
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics
Anti-arrhythmic
Amiodarone and digoxin
11
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Pericardialcentesis

12
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

Valve replacement
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor Antagonist
Diuretics

13
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A
Valve replacement
Mitral ballon valvuloplasty
Loop diuretics (Furosemide)
Beta-blockers
Digoxin
Warfarin
14
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A
Valve replacement
Percutaneous mitral valve repair
Loop diuretics (furosemide)
ACE Inhibitors (Ramipril, Lisinopril, Perindopril)
Digoxin
Warfarin
15
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

Valve replacement
Ballon valvotomy
TAVI (valve implantation)

16
Q

Pulseless electrical activity

A
Resuscitation
CPR
Atropine
Vasopressin
Adrenaline
Oxygen and intubation
17
Q

Asystole

A

Adrenaline 1mg IV
Every 3-5mins following CPR
Atropine
Intubation and IV access

18
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

Defibrillation shock
Adrenaline
Consider adenosine

19
Q

Pulseless VT

A

Defibrillation shock

20
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A
ABCDD
Amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic) rhythm
B1 beta blockers (bisoprolol) rate
Calcium channel blockers (verapamil) rate
Digoxin (anti-arrhythmic) rate
DC Cardioversion- rhythm
Anti-coagulation
Maze procedure
21
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

Acute (unstable)= DC cardioversion
Paroxysmal (stable)=amiodarone

If unsure between VT and SVT give adenosine (anti-arrhythmic)

22
Q

Chronic Arrhythmias

A

Radiofrequency ablation which is a selective cauterisation of cardiac tissue to prevent tachycardia

23
Q

Supraventricular Arrhythmias

A. Fib, Atrial flutter, ectopic atrial tachycardia

A

VAV
Vagal manoeuvres and carotid massage
Adenosine IV
Verapamil IV

Unstable- DC Cardiovert

24
Q

Acute STEMI

A
MONA C
Morphine + anti-emetic
Oxygen
Nitrate
Aspirin (300mg)
Clopidogrel

PCI within 90mins, not possible= thrombolysis

25
Q

Post MI

A
SABA + C
Statin
ACE Inhibitor
Beta-blocker
Aspirin
\+Clopidogrel for 4 weeks

Calcium channel blockers can be used instead of BB and warfarin instead of aspirin

26
Q

Stroke

A
Ischaemic (blood clot) SATS
Statins
Aspirin
Thrombolysis (tPA)
Supportive

Haemorrhagic (aneurysm)
Supportive
Refer to stroke unit
Anti-hypertensives

27
Q

Varicose Veins

A
Foam sclerotherapy (chemical thrombophlebitis)
Endovenous ablation
Compression stockings
28
Q

AAA

A

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

Stent passed through artery in groin, seals off aneurysm from inside artery)

29
Q

Limb Ischaemia

A

ALPS

Anti-platelets
Lifestyle change (stop smoking, exercise more)
PCI or vascular bypass
Statins

30
Q
Phlegmasia Dolens
(DVT obstruction)
A

ICV filter through femoral artery which prevents thrombus entering lungs (PE prophylaxis)
Long term-anticoagulations

31
Q

DVT

A

Anticoagulation with Low weight molecular heparin
Warfarin (but not in pregnancy)
TED compression stockings

32
Q

Acute pulmonary oedema

A

Furosemide

33
Q

Heart failure

A
Acute- take a SMINT
Sit up + give oxygen 
Morphine 
IV diuretic (furosemide)
Nitrate (GTN Spray)
Tailor further management 
Standard therapy- DABS and digoxin
Diuretic
ACE inhibitor
Beta blocker
Spironolactone
34
Q

Heart failure- Cor Pulmonale

A

Diuretics + Oxygen

35
Q

Heart Failure- Vascular disease

A

Surgery

36
Q

Heart Failure- A. Fib

A

Digoxin

DC Cardioversion

37
Q

Angina

A

ABC BAGS P
Aspirin
B1 blockers
Ca channel blockers

By pass
Angioplasty
GTNs
Statins (if cholesterol >5mm/l)

Potassium channel openers (nicorandil, minoxidil)

38
Q

Unstable Angina

A

HAG
Heparin IV
Aspirin
GTN IV

39
Q

Coronary Artery Spasm

A

Ca channel blockers

Isosorbide mononitrate

40
Q

Hypertension <55 yrs old

A

Step 1: ACE Inhibitors
Step 2: Ca channel blockers
Step 3: Thiazide diuretics
Step 4: Beta blockers or alpha blockers or spironolactone

Exchange ACE for ARB

41
Q

Hypertension >55 yrs + Afro-Caribbean

A

Step 1: Ca channel blocker
Step 2: ACE Inhibitors
Step 3: Thiazide diuretics
Step 4: Beta blockers or alpha blockers or spironolactone

Exchange ACE for ARB

42
Q

Hypertension with secondary disease

A

Angina: Beta blockers and ca channel blockers never together
Heart failure: Beta blockers and ACE Inhibitors
Diabetic nephropathy: ACE and ARBs
Prostatism: alpha blockers
Elderly: Thiazide diuretics