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NPLEX 2 - Pharmacology > cardiovascular > Flashcards

cardiovascular Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

selective beta 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

atenolol, metoprolol

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2
Q

clinical use of atenolol

A

angina
HTN
reduce CV mortality and risk of reinfarction in patients with acute MI

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3
Q

most common adverse effect of atenolol

A

fatigue / tiredness

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4
Q

atenolol + digoxin produces what effect?

A

additive bradycardia effect

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5
Q

atenolol + nitrates or antihypertensives produces what effect?

A

additive hypotensive effect

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6
Q

atenolol + dopamine will do what?

A

decrease effects of dopamine

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7
Q

contraindications of atenolol

A 
ABCDE
asthma
block
COPD
DM
hyperkalEmia
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8
Q

non selective Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

propranolol, timolol

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9
Q

beta -1 receptors specific to what tissue and are considered excitatory or inhibitory

A

postsynaptic sympathetic specific to cardiac, excitatory leading to increases in chronotropy, inotropy, dromotropy

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10
Q

beta -2 receptors specific to what tissue and are considered excitatory or inhibitory

A

postsynaptic sympathetic specific to all others (lungs), inhibitory leading to bronchodilation and vasodilation

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11
Q

clinical use of propranolol

A 
angina
HTN
Post MI 
cardiomyopathy
prevention of migraines
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12
Q

adverse effects of propranolol

A

2 BBs

  • bradycardia, bronchospasm, sadness
  • blood vessel spasm, blunted manifestations of hypoglycemia in diabetes, sexual dysfunction
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13
Q

2 BBs refers to what

A

mnemonic for adverse effects of propranolol

  • bradycardia, bronchospasm, sadness
  • blood vessel spasm, blunted manifestations of hypoglycemia in diabetes, sexual dysfunction
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14
Q

interactions of propranolol

A

additive bradycardia effect with digoxin
additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensives
decrease effects of dopamine

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15
Q

risk of abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers

A

rebound HTN and tachycardia

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16
Q

interactions of atenolol

A

additive bradycardia effect with digoxin
additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensives
decrease effects of dopamine

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17
Q

contraindications of propranolol

A 
ABCDE
asthma
block
COPD
DM
hyperkalEmia
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18
Q

non selective beta blocker used for elevated intraocular pressure

A

timolol

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19
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

lisinopril, ramipril

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20
Q

clinical use of lisinopril

A

HTN
CHF
tx and px diabetic nephropathy
improve 24 hour survival post MI

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21
Q

most common adverse effect of lisinopril

A

dizziness

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22
Q

drugs that act as vasodilators

A

ACE inhibitors
Ca++ channel blocker
alpha adrenergic agonist
angiotensin II antagonist

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23
Q

true or false, lisinopril may cause hypokalemia

A

false it is potassium sparring and my cause hyperkalemia

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24
Q

is there a significant risk of taking lisinopril during pregnancy

A

fetal renal failure

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25
antacids + lisinopril
decreased serum levels with antacid
26
NSAIDS or salicylates + lisinopril
reduce antihypertensive effect
27
potassium sparing diuretics or trimethoprim + lisinopril
increase risk of hyperkalemia
28
insulin + lisinopril
increased risk of hypoglycemia
29
thiazide diuretic + lisinopril
increase hypotensive effect, nephrotoxic
30
angiotensin II does what to blood vessels
vasoconstricts
31
fatal symptom of lisinopril
angioedema
32
calcium channel blockers
amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil
33
clinical use of amlodipine
HTN prinzmetal's angina stable angina
34
most common side effect of amlodipine
edema
35
thiazide diuretic + amlopdipine
potentiates thiazide d. effect
36
ACEi + amlodipine
potentiates ACEi effect
37
Beta blocker + amlodipine
avoid in patients with impaired left ventricular function
38
sildenafil + amlodipine
additive BP lowering effects
39
grapefruit juice + amlopodipine
levels and effects of amlodipine increased
40
CI of amlodipine
severe HTN shock obstruction of the outflow tract of left ventricle
41
clinical use of injection of diltiazem
cardioversion of PSVT | control of ventricular rate in A fib./flut.
42
clinical use of verapamil
rate control in a Fib. angina HTN PSVT prophylaxis
43
what clinical use distinguishes verapamil and diltiazem from amlopdipine
vera: rate control in a. fib., PSVT prophylaxis Dilt: cardioversion of PSVT, control of ventricular rate in A. fib/flut.
44
specific alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
clonidine (central acting sympatholytic vasodilator
45
specific types of alpha 1 adrenergic agonists
phenyleprine (pressor agent used in to treat hypotension /shock) oxymetazoline (nasal decongestant)
46
clinical use of clonidine
essential, renal, and malignant HTN pain in cancer pt. ADHD (extended release)
47
diuretic + clonidine
potentiate hypotensive action
48
vasodilators + clonidine
potentiate hypotensive action
49
abrupt d/c of clonidine
rebound HTN
50
antihypertensive + clonidine
potentiate hypotensive actions
51
TCA (amitriptyline) + clonidine
decreased effectiveness of clonidine
52
clonidine + digoxin
increase toxicity of digoxin
53
lithium + clonidine
increase toxicity of lithium
54
CI of clonidine
d/o of cardiac pacemaker / conduction
55
angiotensin II antagonists
-SARTAN valsartan losartan irbesartan
56
clinical use of valsartan
HTN heart failure in pt. intolerant to ACEi reduce CV death in stable pt. post-MI
57
potassium supplement + valsartan
risk of hyperkalemia
58
potassium sparing diuretics (triameterene, spironolactone) + valsartan
risk of hyperkalemia
59
adverse effects of valsartan
dizziness hyperkalemia hypotension
60
pregnancy + valsartan
contraindicated--fetal renal failure
61
RAAS drugs + pregnancy
generally contraindicated due to teratogenic effects on fetus
62
weakest to strongest type of diuretics
K+ sparing diuretic thiazide diuretic loop diuretic
63
clinical use of spironolactone
mnemonic: HELP HTN Edema low plasma levels of K+ Primary hyperaldosteronism
64
clinical use of triamterene
edema
65
spironolactone's affect of sex hormones
anti-androgenic: increase conversion T to E2, decrease in biosynthesis of T
66
adverse effects of spironolactone
``` gynecomastia impotence in males irregular menses hyperkalemia gastric distress peptic ulcer ```
67
-sartan + spironolactone
risk of hyperkalemia
68
clinical use of HCTZ
mnemonic: this HEN has a big THIgh Hypertension, congestive Heart failure Edema Nephrolithiasis Nephrogenic diabetse insipidus
69
adverse effects of HCTZ
``` hyponatremia hypokalemic metabolic acidosis hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia hyperuricemia. hyperglycemia hypersensitivty / photosensitivity ```
70
carbamazepine + HCTZ
hyponatremia risk increased
71
alpha blocker (tamulosin, doxazosin, terazosin) + HCTZ
potentiates hypotensive effect
72
-sartan + HCTZ
potentiates hypotensive effect
73
NSAIDs + HCTZ
enhance risk of nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs | reduce antihypertensive effects of HCTZ
74
corticosteroids
reduce antihypertensive effects of HCTZ
75
glycyrrhiza glabra + HCTZ
increase risk of hypokalemia
76
CI of HCTZ
``` allergy to sulfonamide hypercalcemia anuria hepatic / renal impairment addisons dz ```
77
loop diuretic
furosemide
78
most common adverse effect of furosemide
hyperuricemia | hypokalemia

NPLEX 2 - Pharmacology (2 decks)

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