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Flashcards in Cardiovascular Deck (36)
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1
Q

what surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

2
Q

what are the two main layers of the pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

3
Q

the serous pericardium divides into which two layers

A

visceral serous pericardium surrounding the heart

parietal serous pericardium surrounding the fibrous pericardium/body wall

4
Q

the pericardial cavity is between which two layers

A

parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium

5
Q

where is a pericardiocentesis needle inserted

A

at infrasternal/subcostal angle

6
Q

what is the first branch of the aorta

A

coronary arteries

7
Q

the coronary arteries leave the aorta via

A

aortic sinus

8
Q

the right coronary artery supplies __ and branches into __

A

right side of the heart
branches into right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery which supplies the posterior medial section of the heart

9
Q

the left coronary artery branches into __ which supply ___

A

left anterior descending supplying the anterior section of heart
left circumflex artery which moves laterally and supplies the back of the left side
LAD can branch into the left marginal artery suppling the lateral aspect of the heart

10
Q

coronary venous blood is drained into ___ before going into the RA

A

coronary sinus

11
Q

the depression in the RA is known as

A

fossa ovale - remnants of the foramen ovale

12
Q

what are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve called

A

anterior, posterior and septal cusps

13
Q

what are the two cusps of the mitral valve called

A

anterior and posterior cusps

14
Q

muscle allowing the closure of heart valves is ___ which are attached to __

A

papillary muscles attached to chordae tendinae

15
Q

where is the aortic valve auscultated

A

2nd intercostal space on the right sternal edge

16
Q

where is the pulmonary valve auscultated

A

2nd intercostal space on the left sternal edge

17
Q

where is the tricuspid valve auscultated

A

4th intercostal space on the left sternal edge

18
Q

where is the mitral valve auscultated

A

5th intercostal space mid clavicular line

19
Q

sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord via

A

T1-L2/3

20
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the heart is via

A

CNX - vagus nerve

21
Q

what are the three branches of the arch of the aorta

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

22
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate into

A

right common carotid artery

right subclavian artery

23
Q

name some branches of the thoracic aorta

A

pericardial arteries
oesophageal arteries
bronchial arteries
mediastinal arteries

24
Q

what are the two main groups of lymph nodes supplying the lung

A

tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes near bifurcation of trachea

bronchopulmonary nodes at main bronchus and lung root

25
Q

right lymphatic duct drain into the ___

A

right venous angle

26
Q

thoracic duct drains into the __

A

left venous angle

27
Q

what is the surface anatomy for the left venous angle

A

left sternoclavicular joint

28
Q

the venous angle is between which two veins

A

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

29
Q

out of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, phrenic and vagus nerve, which is the most lateral and which is the most medial

A

phrenic - most lateral
vagus - between the two
recurrent laryngeal - medial

30
Q

give some examples of central veins

A

IVC, SVC, internal jugular, brachiocephalic vein, iliac and femoral veins

31
Q

to which side of the body does the SVC lie when compared to the aorta

A

to the right of the aorta

32
Q

the SVC branches into

A

left and right brachiocephalic veins

33
Q

the left and right brachiocephalic veins branch into

A

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

34
Q

the common carotid artery bifurcate into the

A

internal and external carotid arteries

35
Q

the phrenic nerve is supplied from

A

C3, 4, 5

36
Q

if there is pathology near the heart/diaphragm pain will be referred to __

A

left shoulder