what surrounds the heart
pericardium
what are the two main layers of the pericardium
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
the serous pericardium divides into which two layers
visceral serous pericardium surrounding the heart
parietal serous pericardium surrounding the fibrous pericardium/body wall
the pericardial cavity is between which two layers
parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium
where is a pericardiocentesis needle inserted
at infrasternal/subcostal angle
what is the first branch of the aorta
coronary arteries
the coronary arteries leave the aorta via
aortic sinus
the right coronary artery supplies __ and branches into __
right side of the heart
branches into right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery which supplies the posterior medial section of the heart
the left coronary artery branches into __ which supply ___
left anterior descending supplying the anterior section of heart
left circumflex artery which moves laterally and supplies the back of the left side
LAD can branch into the left marginal artery suppling the lateral aspect of the heart
coronary venous blood is drained into ___ before going into the RA
coronary sinus
the depression in the RA is known as
fossa ovale - remnants of the foramen ovale
what are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve called
anterior, posterior and septal cusps
what are the two cusps of the mitral valve called
anterior and posterior cusps
muscle allowing the closure of heart valves is ___ which are attached to __
papillary muscles attached to chordae tendinae
where is the aortic valve auscultated
2nd intercostal space on the right sternal edge
where is the pulmonary valve auscultated
2nd intercostal space on the left sternal edge
where is the tricuspid valve auscultated
4th intercostal space on the left sternal edge
where is the mitral valve auscultated
5th intercostal space mid clavicular line
sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord via
T1-L2/3
parasympathetic innervation of the heart is via
CNX - vagus nerve
what are the three branches of the arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
what does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate into
right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery
name some branches of the thoracic aorta
pericardial arteries
oesophageal arteries
bronchial arteries
mediastinal arteries
what are the two main groups of lymph nodes supplying the lung
tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes near bifurcation of trachea
bronchopulmonary nodes at main bronchus and lung root
right lymphatic duct drain into the ___
right venous angle
thoracic duct drains into the __
left venous angle
what is the surface anatomy for the left venous angle
left sternoclavicular joint
the venous angle is between which two veins
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
out of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, phrenic and vagus nerve, which is the most lateral and which is the most medial
phrenic - most lateral
vagus - between the two
recurrent laryngeal - medial
give some examples of central veins
IVC, SVC, internal jugular, brachiocephalic vein, iliac and femoral veins
to which side of the body does the SVC lie when compared to the aorta
to the right of the aorta
the SVC branches into
left and right brachiocephalic veins
the left and right brachiocephalic veins branch into
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
the common carotid artery bifurcate into the
internal and external carotid arteries
the phrenic nerve is supplied from
C3, 4, 5
if there is pathology near the heart/diaphragm pain will be referred to __
left shoulder