Cardiovascular Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the two types of angina
Stable and unstable angina
What is atherosclerosis
It is a build up of plaque in the blood vessel. Cholesterol deposits in the damaged areas of blood vessels and white blood cells attacks this and causes an inflammation
Describe stable angina
It is predictable. Person feels okay when resting. Reduction in work can get rid of the pain. When person is moving the heart rate increase and due to the blockage the muscle gets hypoxic and person feels the pain
What is unstable angina
It is when a person has chest pain an any time. Unpredictable. Caused by a ruptured plaque and blocks off down stream vessel
What is heart failure
When the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet body’s demand. It is a secondary disease
What are the two types of heart failure
Left side and right side
Which type of heart failure occurs first
Left side
Describe left sided heart failure
The heart cannot pump enough blood to the system due to smaller or weaker heart muscles.
Which type of heart failure causes fluid build up in the lungs why
Left sided heart failure causes fluid buildup because the heart cannot pump blood well to the body and it gets backed up in the lungs
Which type of heart failure causes oedema in body
Right sided heart failure. This is because the heart does not fill up properly with blood. This is because the muscle is larger and take more space. The blood gets backed up in the body such as feet and abdomen.
Describe cardiac ouput
It is stroke volume x heart rate. When stroke volume is decreased or heart it affects the cardiac output.
What are the most relevant FHP interventions for heart failure?
- Health perception and health management.
- activity-exercise
- coping-stress
- roles and relationships
What is the presentation of angina?
Left arm and chest pain that stops with rest.
What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disease?
- elevated LDL and triglycerides.
- hypertension
- high fat and salt diet
- obesity
- ethnicity
- family history of heart disease
What are the modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease?
- Hypertension
- elevated serum lipids
- tabacco use
- alcohol intake
- physical inactivity
- obesity
- nutrition
- type 1 diabetes
- use of illicit drugs
What are the non modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease?
- male gender
- ethnicity
- genetic predisposition (hypercholesterolemia)
- family history
What is the progression of cardiovascular disease?
1) asymptomatic: chronic artery endothelial injury.
2) asymptomatic: arterial fatty streak & fibrous plagues.
3) complicated lesions: plaques ruptures. Thrombus or complete narrowing of artery.
4) chronic stable angina, acute coronary syndromes.
What is the presentation of heart failure?
- progressive fatigue
- increased SOB
- cough
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (sudden breathlessness at night)
- weight change
- tachycardia
- oedema
- nocturia
- skin changes
- behavioural changes
What are the risk factors of heart failure?
- history of cardiovascular disease
- history of myocardial infarction
- rheumatic fever
What are statins used for?
To manage lipid levels
What medications are used to reduce blood pressure?
Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors Thiazide diuretics Vasodilators
What medications are used for irregular heart beat?
Beta blocker
Calcium channel blocker
What medications are used to manage clotting?
Anti-platelets
Anticoagulants
What medications are used to manage chest pain?
GTN
Beta blocker
