Cardiovascular Flashcards
(21 cards)
WHat is the number 1 killer in the UK?
Coronary heart disease
WHat are the surface markings of the heart?
Right border: Right 3rd CC (1cm lateral to sternum) –> 6th right CC
Left Border: 2nd left ICS (2.5cm from sternal border) –> 5th ICS at MCL
Upper border: right 3rd CC (1cm from sternum) -> 2nd ICS (2.5cm from sternum)
Lower border: right 6th CC –> left 5th ICS at MCL
Where do the ECG chest leads go?
V1: right 4th ICS nect to sternum V2: left 4th ICS next to sternum V3: left 5th ICS between V2 and V4 V4: left 5th ICS and MCL V5: left 5th ICS at antero-axillary line V6: left 5th ICS at MAL
Where would you auscultate the aortic valve?
right 2nd ICS at sternal border
Where would you auscultate the pulmonary valve?
left 2nd ICS at sternal border
Where would you auscultate the tricuspid valve?
Left 5th ICS at sternal border
Where would you auscultate the mitral valve?
Left 5th ICS at MCL (location of apex beat)
What is the anatomical location of the aortic valve?
Obliquely-aligned at right ICS at sternal border
What is the anatomical location of the pulmonary valve?
horizontal at left 3rd CC
What is the anatomical location of the tricuspid valve?
vertical at right 4th ICS at sternal border
What is the anatomical location of the mitral valve?
oblique at left 4th ICS at sternal border
Where is the apex beat?
5th left ICS at MCL (patients bed at 45 degrees) in adults. In children it is at 4th ICS
What could the absence of the Apex beat be?
D- Dextrocardia R- Ribs P- Pericardial effusion O- Obesity P- Pleural Effusion E - Emphysema
What are the borders of teh cubital foss?
Medial : Brachioradialis muscle
Lateral : pronator teres
Superior: line between 2 epicondoyles
What are the contents of the cubital fossa? (lateral inwards)
radial nerve, biceps brachii tendon, medial cubital vein, brachial artery, median nerve
What are the branches off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic trunk, right subclavian and right common carotid
WHen will the apex beat be felt prematurely?
patient with ventricular hypertrophy
What are the surface markings for the aortic arch?
Begins and ends at the sternal angle.
Start: ascending aorta at right 2nd CC
Top: halfway between sternal angle and jugular notch
End: left 2nd CC into thoracic aorta
What are the surface markings for the Right common carotid?
patient to look left. Runs from right sternoclavicular joint to the right ear lobe behind the sternocleidomastoid
What are the surface markings for the Left Common Carotid?
behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle, patient to look right and runs from top of aortic arch positron to the left ear lobe
At what point does the right common carotid split into the internal carotid?
superior to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage