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PCTH 325 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cardiovascular Deck (15)
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1
Q

Factors that affect bp

A

Cardiac Ouput (blood volume, HR+ contractility, venous tone)
X
Total Peripheral Resistance (diameter of blood vessels esp. arterioles)

2
Q

systolic bp

A

highest pressure when heart contracts

3
Q

diastolic

A

lowest pressure when heart relaxes

4
Q

average bp

hypertension

A

120/80 mmHg

hyper: 140/90 mmHg

5
Q

types hypertension

A
  1. SBP Only
    - stiff arteries
    - > 50
  2. DBP only
    - narrowing arterioles
    - < 40 years
  3. SBP + DBP
    - combo causes
6
Q

risk factors hypertension

A

obesity
lack fruit/veg
lack exercise
diabetes

7
Q

pathophysiology of HT

A

upregulattion of renin-angiotension-aldosterone system

(Increase angiotensin = increase vasoconstriction,

increase aldosterone = increase Na + water absoprtion = increase volume

SNS stimulation = increase hr, contractility, vasoconstriction which increases TPR and CO

8
Q

ACE inhibitors

A
catopril 
inhibit ACE, block conversion to Ang2
decrease vasoconstriction
decrease aldosterone secretion
decrease Na reabsorption
decrease SNS activity
9
Q

ACE inhibitor SE

A
dry cough
hyperkalemia
angioedema
cogenital malformations
oligohydraminos (deficient amnionic fluid)
10
Q

ARBS (angiotensin receptor blockers)

A

losartan

block AT receptor, prevent ang 2 action
used when ppl can’t tolerate ACE

11
Q

ARB se

A

dizziness, hyperkalemia, contraindicated in pregnancy

12
Q

thiazide diurectics

A

thiazide type = hydrocholorothizide

thiazide-like = clorthalidone
- longer HL, more potent

both prevent reabsorption NA/Cl in distal tube
reduces BV
decreases peripheral resistance

13
Q

thiazide SE

A

hypokalemia (combine with ACE, reduce risk)

hyperuricimia
hyperglycemia

14
Q

CCB- Ca channel blocker

A
  1. dihydropyridine= amlodipine
  2. phenylakylamines= verapamil
  3. benzothiazepine = diltiazem

1 = vascular selective
2= cardiac selective
3=both

inhibit VGLCA2+C to decrease Ca influx, decreases constriction arteries, decreases hr

15
Q

CCB SE

A

dihydros = headache, flushing, edema

non-dihydros= bradycardia, constipation