Cardiovascular

Question 1

identify structures on a typical vertebra

Answer 1

spinous process
transverse process
lamina
pedicle
body
inferior articular process
superior articular facet
transverse foramen

Question 2

what bones make up the sternum?

Answer 2

manubrium
sternum
xiphysternal joint

Question 3

between manubrium and sternum?

Answer 3

sternal angle

Question 4

what rib comes off the sternal angle?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

1st palpatable spinous process

Answer 5

C7

Question 6

which vertebral level is the superior angle of the scapula at?

Answer 6

T2

Question 7

which vertebral level is the middle end of the scapula at?

Answer 7

T3

Question 8

which vertebral level is the inferior angle of the scapula at?

Answer 8

T7

Question 9

which vertebral level is the manubrium at?

Answer 9

T2/3-T4/5

Question 10

which vertebral level is the jugular notch at?

Answer 10

T2/3`

Question 11

which vertebral level is the sternal angle?

Answer 11

T4

Question 12

which vertebral level is the body of the xiphysternum?

Answer 12

T8/T9

Question 13

which vertebral level is halfway between the inferior angle of the scapula and the iliac crest?

Answer 13

T12

Question 14

which vertebral level is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 14

L1

Question 15

which vertebral level is the subcostal plane?

Answer 15

L2

Question 16

surface marking for borders of the heart?

Answer 16

3rd CC sternal border on the right
6th CC sternal border on the right
2nd ICS/CC 2.5cm from sternal border on the left
5th ICS at midclavicular line

Question 17

where to auscultate aortic valve?

Answer 17

right sternal border 2nd ICS

Question 18

where to auscultate pulmonary valve?

Answer 18

left sternal border 2nd ICS

Question 19

where to auscultate tricuspid valve?

Answer 19

left sternal border 5th ICS

Question 20

where to auscultate mitral valve?

Answer 20

left 5th ICS at apex beat (midclavicular line)

Question 21

palpation of the apex beat in adults

Answer 21

left 5th ICS at midclavicular line

Question 22

what can you ask the patient to do to make the palpation of the apex beat easier?

Answer 22

jogging on the spot

Question 23

is radial pulse found medially or laterally?

Answer 23

laterally, under the thumb

Question 24

is the ulnar pulse found medially or laterally?

Answer 24

medially

Question 25

where can you palpate the brachial artery?

Answer 25

medial to the biceps tendon ALSO in the middle third of the humerus in the medial biciptal groove

Question 26

where can you palpate the carotid pulse?

Answer 26

between the lateral border of the thyroid cartilage and the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 27

how would you describe the pulse?

Answer 27

in terms of rate and rhythm

Question 28

normal pulse falls into?

Answer 28

65-85bpm

Question 29

tachycardia is?

Answer 29

>100bpm

Question 30

bradycardia is?

Answer 30

<50bpm

Question 31

can rate and rhythm be detected in both central and peripheral arteries?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

can character and volume be detected in both central and peripheral arteries?

Answer 32

no only in central arteries like carotid artery

Question 33

which three veins can venepuncture be performed on?

Answer 33

medial cubital vein basilic vein cephalic vein

Question 34

where is medial cubital vein accessed for venepuncture?

Answer 34

antecubital fossa

Question 35

does the cephalic vein run medially or laterally?

Answer 35

laterally

Question 36

does the basilic vein run medially or laterally?

Answer 36

medially

Question 37

cephalic vein eventually joins the?

Answer 37

axillary vein

Question 38

surface marking for the beginning of the aortic arch

Answer 38

the right 2nd CC

Question 39

surface marking for the top of the aortic arch

Answer 39

between the sternal angle and jugular notch

Question 40

surface marking for the end of the aortic arch

Answer 40

the left 2nd CC

Question 41

surface marking for the left/right common carotid artery

Answer 41

subject turns their head line from the sternoclavicular joint follow the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle line continues all the way up to the ear lobe

Question 42

surface marking for the internal jugular vein

Answer 42

just lateral to the common carotid artery | goes in direction to the posterior part of the ear lobe

Question 43

for the cardiovascular examination, what is the positioning of the patient?

Answer 43

45 degrees

Question 44

describe the exposure of the patient in a cardiovascular exam

Answer 44

shirt is removed | undergarments like a bra remains on

Question 45

how to explain CVS exam to a patient

Answer 45

just going to have a look, listen and feel of the chest > heart exam