Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

behind the sternum on left side Infront of the chest.

Question 2

Describe the layers of the Heart wall?

Answer 2

There are 3 layers

-outer layer (epicardium)
- made up of serous memberane aka (visceral pericardium).
-middle layer (myocardium)
- made up of connective tissue and cardiac muscle.
-inner layer (endocardium)
- made up of simple squamous epithelium.

Question 3

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 3

upper right atrium
lower right ventricle

upper left atrium
lower left ventricle

Question 4

What is blood made up of?

Answer 4

55% plasma aka (water and protein),
45% formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)

Question 5

What are Erythrocytes?

Answer 5

red blood cells

Question 6

What is the protein found in red blood cells?

Answer 6

hemoglobin

Question 7

What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Answer 7

Oxygen in blood is bound to hemoglobin allowing red blood cells to transport oxygen.

Question 8

What are Leukocytes?

Answer 8

white blood cells

Question 9

Which Leukocytes are active in phagocytosis?

Answer 9

neutrophils and menocytes

Question 10

Which Leukocytes have antibody formation?

Answer 10

lymphocytes

Question 11

Which blood cells support the immune system?

Answer 11

Leukocytes aka white blood cells

Question 12

What is the job of platelets?

Answer 12

they are active in blood clot formation

Question 13

What makes up plasma?

Answer 13

(protein, ions, nutrients, waste products and harmonies) all dissolved and suspended in water.

Question 14

Describe The contraction of the heart (Systole).

Answer 14

-deoxygenated blood from the body enters via the right atrium
- passes the tricuspid valve
-drains into the right ventricle pumps into the pulmonary trunk and flows into the pulmonary arteries of the lungs to be reoxygenated.

-oxygenated blood from the lungs flow into the left atrium.
- passes the mitral valve
-drains into the left ventricle passes the aorta and pumps out to the body.

Question 15

Describe the relaxation of the heart (diastole).

Answer 15

Oxygenated blood is carried by stytemic arteries that are branched off of the aorta and into the rest of the body.

Question 16

What are arterioles?

Answer 16

The smallest arteries

Question 17

What are the names of the large veins that empty deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

Answer 17

Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae

Question 18

What is ECG?

Answer 18

An electrocardiogram that measures wave of electrical activity of the hearts intrinsic beat.

Question 19

What is the job of arteries?

Answer 19

thick wall tubes that carry oxygenated blood under high pressure away from the heart into the body.

Question 20

What is the job of veins?

Answer 20

Thin walled tubes that empty deoxygenated blood under low pressure into the heart.

Question 21

What do vasoconstriction and vasodilation result from?

Answer 21

The contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in artery walls.

Question 22

What is the “pacemaker “ of the heart controls contraction and sends out electrical signals?

Answer 22

sinoatrial node

Question 23

1. Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart?

A. Blood cells
B. Muscle tissue split into two chambers
C. Muscle tissue split into four chambers
D. Four ventricles

Answer 23

C. Muscle tissue split into four chambers

Question 24

2. Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?

A. red blood cells
B. Plasma
C. dissolved gases
D. Leukocytes

Answer 24

A. red blood cells

Question 25

3. Which of the following chambers pumps blood toward the lungs? A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. right ventricle

Answer 25

D. the right ventricle

Question 26

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through which chamber? A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle C. right ventricle

Answer 26

B. right atrium

Question 27

Blood picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide in the arteries before returning to the heart through which chamber using veins? A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. right ventricle

Answer 27

A. left atrium

Question 28

4. which of the following statements best describes the function of veins? A. veins carry deoxygenated blood B. Veins carry oxygenated blood C. Veins carry blood back to the heart D. Veins carry blood away from the heart

Answer 28

C. veins carry blood back to the heart

Question 29

5. In two to three sentences , describe two chambers of the heart that have thicker walls. Why would these chambers be thicker?

Answer 29

The right and left ventricles have thicker walls than the two atria. Thicker muscular walls are needed to generate the pressure to pump blood out of the heart to the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

Question 30

Which of the following terms describes the relaxation of the chambers of the heart during the cardiac cycle? Bradycardia Tachycardia Systole Diastole

Answer 30

Diastole

Question 31

Which of the following is a protein present in blood plasma? Monocytes Fibrinogens Platelets Lymphocytes

Answer 31

Fibrinogens

Question 32

Which of the following vessels is responsible for carrying blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart? Pulmonary veins Aorta Pulmonary arteries Superior vena cava

Answer 32

Superior vena cava

Question 33

Identify the pathway of blood trough the components of the cardiovascular system, starting with the blood entering the heart through the superior vena cava. (move the options into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order. use all options)

Answer 33

Pulmonary artery lungs right atrium right ventricle Pulmonary valve

Question 34

Which of the following is a part of the pulmonary circuit? Superior vena cava pulmonary vein bronchial artery aorta

Answer 34

pulmonary vein

Question 35

Which of the following vessels caries oxygenated blood? Pulmonary vein Inferior vena cava Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava

Answer 35

pulmonary vein

Question 36

42. A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of the heart? o Coronary artery o Pulmonary o Vena cava o Aorta

Answer 36

Coronary artery

Question 37

Which of the following vessels is responsible for carrying blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart? o Pulmonary veins o Aorta o Pulmonary arteries o Superior vena cava

Answer 37

Superior Vena cava

Question 38

Identify the pathway of blood trough the components of the cardiovascular system, starting with the blood entering the heart through the superior vena cava. (select options in the correct order. use all options) Homework – study how blood moves in and out of the heart and answer this one. o Pulmonary artery o Lungs o Right atrium o Right ventricle o Pulmonary valve

Question 39

(Mometrix 357) Which of the following accurately describes the path of blood through the heart? a. Blood enters the heart through the pulmonary vein, into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. b. Once the right ventricle is full, blood exits into the pulmonary artery and then empties into the left ventricle. c. After traveling through the lungs, oxygenated blood enters into the left atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. d. Once the left ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts, the ventricle contracts, and blood exits through the aorta.

Answer 39

c. Blood returns to the heart from both the Inferior and superior vena cava, entering into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, and into the right ventricle. Once the right ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve closes, and upon heart contraction, the blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery, becoming oxygenated in the lungs. The blood returns to the heart from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle. When the left ventricle is full, the mitral valve closes, and the heart contracts and distributes the newly oxygenated blood throughout the body through the aortic valve and into the aorta.

Question 40

(Mometrix 358) Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood back to the heart? a. pulmonary vein b. pulmonary artery c. aorta d. superior vena cava

Answer 40

a. pulmonary vein

Question 41

(Mometrix 358) Of the following, the blood vessel containing the least-oxygenated blood is the: a. Aorta b. Vena Cava c. Pulmonary artery d. femoral vein

Answer 41

C. pulmonary artery

Question 42

Mometrix 422) Which of the following structures have the lowest blood pressure? a. arteries b. arterioles c. venules d. veins

Answer 42

d. veins

Question 43

Mometrix 422 What is the name of the condition where the heart rate is 118 beats per minute (BPM)? a. Tachycardia b. Apnea c. Bradycardia d. Tachypnea

Answer 43

a. tachycardia

Question 44

(mometrix 298) Which of the following represents the depolarization of the atria? a. QRS interval b. T wave c. U wave d. P wave

Answer 44

D