Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Question 1

what are the components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Blood, heart and blood vessels.

Question 2

What are some functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

*Blood pumped through vessels via the heart
*O2 and nutrients carried to cells via the blood- so cells can function appropriately.
*CO2 and waste carried away from cells via blood

Question 3

what does the CV system aid in the regulation of?

Answer 3

-Acid/base balance
-Temp
-water content of body fluids
-Blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.

Question 4

what is the location of the heart?

Answer 4

• In anterior aspect of the thoracic cavity.
• Posterior to sternum
• Normally slightly towards the left
• Middle mediastinum (area between the two lungs), a subdivision of the inferior mediastinum.
• Located between the pleural membrane of the left and right lung
• Superior to the diaphragm.

Question 5

What are the chambers of he heart/

Answer 5

Right atrium
right ventricle- Pumps blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation).
Left atrium
Left ventricle- much larger muscle. Responsible for pumping blood around the whole body (systemic circulation).
Septum- divides the two ventricles

Question 6

what are the cardiac valves?

Answer 6

Pulmonary artery valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
Mitral (Bicuspid)
Left ventricular outflow tract

Question 7

what is the Pulmonary artery valve, where is it located.

Answer 7

Right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

Question 8

How long does the Aortic valve stay closed for?

Answer 8

until there is sufficient pressure to open them.

Question 9

Tricuspid valve

Answer 9

r for right. Right AV valve.

Question 10

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Answer 10

Left AV valve.

Question 11

Left ventricular outflow tract-

Question 12

superior vena cava

Answer 12

goes directly into right Atrium

Question 13

Inferior vena cava

Answer 13

right atrium- brining back deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation.

Question 14

Pulmonary artery (trunk)

Answer 14

taking blood away from heart to the lungs.

Question 15

Pulmonary veins (4)

Answer 15

enters the left atrium and is returning oxygenated blood from the interactions with the alveoli. (External respiration).

Question 16

outline systemic and pulmonary circulation

Answer 16

Comes from PV to right atrium.
Goes through bicuspid valve into LV.
Pressure builds, go through aorta and through the body.
And returns to the inferior vena cava. Upper body – superior vena cava. Empty into right atrium and this goes into tricuspid valve into RV and into pulmonary artery and then the lungs.

Question 17

What are the functions of the circulatory system

Answer 17

• Deliver nutrients and o2 to tissues
• Remove waste products of cellular metabolism (e.g. CO2)
• Transport hormones and drugs- hormones give long term reactions
• Acid base balance
• Blood clotting (haemostasis)
• Distribution of heat
• Immune response

Question 18

where does the aorta distribute blood to?

Answer 18

All parts of the body

Question 19

what is the systemic circulation divided into?

Answer 19

Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta.

Question 20

What are some structural features of the aorta?

Answer 20

large diameter, relatively thin walled
and highly elastic

Question 21

why does the aorta stretch?

Answer 21

*stretches to receive ejected blood from left ventricle
abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Question 22

what are aterioles?

Answer 22

Transition between artery and capillary

Question 23

what is a feature of arterioles?

Answer 23

Has a thick muscular structure

Question 24

What is the role of arterioles?

Answer 24

To regulate blood flow within tissues. Important role in regulation of arterial blood pressure (Called resistance vessels) increase peripheral resistance.

Question 25

what is the function of capillaries?

Answer 25

 site for diffusion of solutes
 where gas exchange occurs
 The stage where cells get their nutrients.

Question 26

why is the pressure high at the arteriole end of the capillary?

Answer 26

That causes water to be pushes out of the capillaries so there is high hydrostatic pressure, so at the Venus end the hydrostatic pressure will be lower and the materials inside become more concentrated.
Higher osmotic pressure brings in water and waste products.

Question 27

what are some structural features of veins

Answer 27

 relatively thin walled with large lumen
 largely non-muscular and elastic
 very distensible and easily collapse
 low pressure vessels

Question 28

what are venules?

Answer 28

 are the smallest veins
 located at the convergence of capillaries and return blood to veins

Question 29

what are the components of the lymphatic system?

Answer 29

• Lymphatic fluid (lymph) and vessels;
• Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and tonsils

Question 30

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 30

*Returns proteins and fluid to blood;
*carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood;
*includes structures where lymphocytes mature and proliferate.

Question 31

what are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 31

-immunity
-tissue drainage (homeostasis)
-Absorption of fat/fat-soluble nutrients/fatty acids