Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Flashcards
(31 cards)
impact of PA: heart disease
prevents angina, clots, blockage, build up of plaque, atherosclerosis.
impact of PA: high bp
heart attack, aerobic system.
impact of PA: hdl cholesterol
protects blood cells and artery walls, is anti-inflammatory, and removes excess cholesterol
impact of PA:ldl cholesterol
anti-inflammatory, regulates low cholesterol, and lowers the chances of having a heart attack.
impact of PA: stroke
ishcaemic (clot), heamoraggic (burst vessel), low BP, healthy weight, maintains a strong vessel.
cardiac output calculation?
stoke volume * heart rate
cardiac conduction system:
- right atrium to SA node emits a signal across the atria (atrial systole)
- impulse to the left atrium.
- AV node receives signal from SA node to relay it. (ventricular diastole)
- bundle of his seperates the right and left atriums.
- pukinje fibres spread the signal acrosss the body. ( ventricular systole)
neural control:
baro receptors, proprioceptors, and hemorecepetors.
hormonal ontrol:
adrenaline
intrinsic control:
temperature changes, contractility.
ways to help venous return:
skeletal muscle pump,
pocket valves,
smooth muscle,
respiratory pump,
gravity.
What is average BP?
120/80 mmng
What is cardiovascular drift?
An increase in HR despite working at the same intensity.
What is A-VO2 drift?
difference between the content of arterial and venal blood.
What is oxygen disassociation?
As partial pressure increases, so does saturation of 02.
Smoking effects on health:
-constricts bronchioles
-Alveoli and cilia are damaged
-low number of alveoli
-low 02 utilisation
-low aerobic performance so less energy for excercise
-high risk of COPD
resting hr?
20-25%
vigorous exercise hr?
80-85%
Redistribution of blood:
- haemoglobin binds to 4 oygen and travels to the muscles.
- oxygen detaches and attaches to myoglobin to store it.
- myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen.
- The mitochondria then use the oxygen to create energy.
calculation for venous return:
venous pressure-right atrial pressure / venous vascular resistance
vasometre centre:
- chemo, baro and proprioceptors detect excercise occuring.
- they send a signal to the vasomotre centre.
- increased impulse flow through the sympathetic nervous sytem to non essential organs causing vasoconstriction of the artierioles.
- Reduced impulses from the sympatheic NS to the skeletal muscle will cause vasodialation of the arterioles.
- Precappilary sphincters contract to reduce blood flow.
Describe the flow of blood from the moment it arrives from the body to the moment it leaves to go back to the body.
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava.
It moves into the right ventricle where it then travels through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
Oxygenated blood now enters the left atrium through the pulmonary artery.
It moves into the left ventricle where is then travels through the aorta to the body.
Describe how the cardiac conduction system works.
Electrical impulses begin in the SA node.
As they spread along the interatrial pathway, they force the atria to contract, pushing blood into the ventricles (atrial systole).
It then reaches the AV node where there is a small delay to allow the ventricles to fill.
It then passes down the bundle of his and to the purkinje fibres which cause the ventricles to contract, forcing blood out of the heart (ventricular systole).
Sally
Always
Aims
Balls
Past
Vicky
-sa node
-atrial systole
-bundle of his
-pukinje fibres
-ventricular systole
