Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Question 1

Pulmonary Circut

Answer 1

Circulation of blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and pulmonary vein back to the heart

Question 2

Systemic Circut

Answer 2

Circulation of blood through the aorta to the body and vena cava back to the heart

Question 3

Oxygenated Blood

Answer 3

Blood saturated with oxygen and nutrients e.g. glucose

Question 4

Deoxygenated Blood

Answer 4

Blood depleted of oxygen, saturated with carbon dioxide and waste products

Question 5

Conduction System

Answer 5

A set of structures in the cardiac muscle which create and transmit an electrical impulse, forcing the atria and ventricles to contract

Question 6

Myogenic

Answer 6

The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscles to contract

Question 7

Diastole

Answer 7

The relaxation phase of cardiac muscle where the chambers fill with blood

Question 8

Systole

Answer 8

The contraction phase of cardiac muscle where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 9

Heart Rate

Answer 9

The number of times the heart beats per minute (resting approx. 72bpm)

Question 10

Stroke Volume

Answer 10

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat (resting SV approx. 70ml)

Question 11

Cardiac Output(Q)

Answer 11

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute (resting Q approx. 5l/min)
HR x SV = Q

Question 12

Bradycardia

Answer 12

A resting heart rate below 60bpm

Question 13

Venous Return

Answer 13

The return of the blood to the right atria through the veins

Question 14

Sub-maximal

Answer 14

A low to moderate intensity of exercise within a performer’s aerobic capacity

Question 15

Maximal

Answer 15

A high intensity of exercise above a performer’s aerobic capacity that will induce fatigue

Question 16

Starling’s Law

Answer 16

Increased venous return leads to an increased stroke volume, due to an increased stretch of the ventricle walls and therefore force of contraction

Question 17

Cardiac Control Center (CCC)

Answer 17

A control centre in the medulla oblongata responsible for HR regulation

Question 18

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 18

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing HR, specifically during exercise

Question 19

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 19

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing HR, specifically during recovery

Question 20

Vasodilate

Answer 20

Widening of arteries, arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters

Question 21

Vasoconstrict

Answer 21

Narrowing of arteries, arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters

Question 22

Inspiration

Answer 22

Drawing of air into the lungs

Question 23

Expiration

Answer 23

Expelling of air from the lungs

Question 24

Blood Pooling

Answer 24

Accumulation of blood in the veins due to gravitational pull and lack of venous return

Question 25

Active Recovery

Answer 25

Low-intensity activity post exercise to maintain elevated heart and breathing rates

Question 26

Vascular Shunt Mechanism

Answer 26

The redistribution of cardiac output around the body from rest to exercise which increases the percentage of blood flow to the skeletal muscles

Question 27

Aterioles

Answer 27

Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillary beds, which can vasodilate and vasoconstrict to regulate blood flow

Question 28

Pre-Capillary Sphincters

Answer 28

Rings of smooth muscle at the junction between arterioles and capillaries, which can dilate or constrict to control blood flow through the capillary bed

Question 29

Vasomotor Control Center (VCC)

Answer 29

The control venter in the medulla oblongata responsible for cardiac output distribution