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Spalding High School A Level PE > Cardiovascular and respiratory systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and respiratory systems Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiac output = ? x ?

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

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2
Q

What is the average resting value for heart rate?

A

72 bpm

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3
Q

What is the resting value for stroke volume?

A

70 ml

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4
Q

What is the resting value for caridac output?

A

5 l/min

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5
Q

A resting heart rate belown 60 bpm is known as?

A

Bradycardia

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6
Q

Name the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. Atrial systole
  2. Ventricular systole
  3. Diastole
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7
Q

Which part of the conduction system generates the electrical impulse?

A

SA node

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8
Q

The AV node d_____ the electrical impulse by 0.1 seconds

A

delays

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9
Q

What is the role of the Bundle of His?

A

Splits electrical impulse into 2

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10
Q

Where do the Bundle Branches carry the electrical impulse to?

A

base of ventricles

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11
Q

The p________ f______ distribute the electrical impulse through the ventricles causing ventricular systole.

A

purkinje fibres

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12
Q

Name the 5 venuous return mechanisms?

A
  1. Pocket valves
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Muscle pump
  4. Respiratory pump
  5. Gravity
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13
Q

Define vascular shunt

A

The redistribution of blood around the body

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14
Q

The _________ and ___ ________ __________ vasodilate and vasoconstrict at working muscles or non essential organs

A

arterioles and pre capillary sphincters

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15
Q

What regulates (controls) the vascular shunt mechanism?

A

VCC (Vasomotor Control Centre)

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16
Q

Where receptors does the VCC receive information from?

A

Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

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17
Q

During exercise ?% blood flow goes to the working muscles and ?% blood flow goes to the non essential organs

A

80, 20

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18
Q

What controls heart rate regulation?

A

CCC (Cardiac Control Centre)

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19
Q

Name the three neural receptors that give information to the CCC?

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A

Chemoreceptors, proprioceptors, baroreceptors

20
Q

Increased body temperature and increased venous return are two in_________ receptors

21
Q

What is the one hormonal receptor?

22
Q

What are the four receptors that give information to the RCC (Respiratory Control Centre)?

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A
  1. Proprioceptor
  2. Baroreceptor
  3. Chemoreceptor
  4. Thermoreceptor
23
Q

Which muscle does the phrenic nerve cause to contract?

24
Q

The intercostal nerve causes the ? to contract

Study These Flashcards
A

External intercostal muscles

25
Define breathing rate?
Number of inspirations/expirations per minute
26
_____ _______is the volume of air inspired/expired per breath
Tidal volume
27
Define minute ventilation?
volume of air inspired/expired per minute
28
What are the resting values and maximal values for breathing rate (breaths/min)
12-15, 50-60
29
? ml is the resting value for tidal volume and ? litres is the maximal value
500, 3-3.5
30
6-7.5 l/min is the resting value for what?
Minute ventilation
31
Which muscles contract during inspiration at rest?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
32
The ribs move ? and ? during inspiration at rest
up and out
33
What happens to the volume of the chest cavity during inspiration, during exercise
Increase more than at rest
34
What happens to the pressure in the lungs during inspiration, during exercise?
Decreases more than at rest
35
What extra muscles are used for inspiration during exercise?
Sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor
36
Expiration at rest is a ? process
Passive
37
Which muscles are involved in expiration during exercise?
1. Diaphragm & EICs relax more than at rest 2. Internal intercostals contract 3. Rectus abdominus contract
38
What happens to the movement of the rib cage during expiration at rest?
down and in
39
What happens to the volume of the chest cavity and pressure in the lungs during expiration at rest.
decreases, increases
40
What is the memory hook for mechanics of breathing?
MMVP Muscles Movement Volume Pressure
41
External respiration is at what site in the body?
lungs
42
Internal respiration is at what site in the body?
muscles
43
All gases move from an area of ____ partial pressure to an area of ___ partial pressure
High, low
44
What is the memory hook for gaseous exchange?
Gas Area Special rule Partial pressure Diffusion Diffusion gradient
45
The bohr shift is a shift to the ? on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve.
right
46
An increase in ?, ?, ?, and a decrease in ? Causes more CO2 to be released (dissociated) from haemoglobin causing a steeper diffusion gradient
CO2, blood and muscle temperature, lactic acid, pH

Spalding High School A Level PE (18 decks)

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