Cardiovascular DDx Flashcards
Dizziness, fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea, fainting are all symptoms of what heart rhythm disorders?
What are the ECG findings?
2nd degree heart block
3rd degree heart block
2nd degree Mobitz Type 1: QRS does not follow each P wave and PR interval progressively increases
2nd degree Mobitz Type 2:
QRS does not follow each P wave and PR interval DOES NOT progressively increase - multiple irregular P waves
3rd degree - No relationship between P waves and QRS complex - consistent rhythm for P waves
Chest pain that is precordial and better learning forward, worse leaning back is?
What is the characterstic sound on auscultation?
What is the common viral cause?
Pericarditis - precordial chest pain better leaning forward, worse leaning back
Pericardial friction rub - scratchy, 3 part rub (systole, early diastole, late diastole)
Common viral cause - Coxsackie B Virus
There are two conditions with chest pain and a friction rub, and caused by Coxsackie B. How do you know which is which?
Myocardits has 4 chamber dilation and lymphocytic infiltrate as well as fever, arrhythmias and biventricular heart failure.
Pericarditis has precordial chest pain better leaning forward, worse leaning back.
What condition most commonly affects Mitral valve, then Aortic Valve, then Tricuspid Valve, then Pulmonic Valve?
Endocarditis first affects the left sided valves, then the right sided valves.
In Endocarditis, __________ are on the palms and sole and are painless. _________ are on the finger and toe pads and are painful.
Janeway lesions are on the palms and soles and are painless. Osler nodes are on the finger and toe pads and are painful.
2 major or 1 major and 2 minor JONES criteria are need to diagnose Rheymatic Heart Disease. What are the Jones Criteria?
What infection causes Rheumatic Heart Disease?
J - Joint polyarthritis
O - Heart
N - Nodules on bones, tendons, wrists, elbows, knees
E - Erythema marginatum (macular rash, spreads outwards, clear in middle, spares face)
S - Syndenham’s corea
GABHS causes strep throat, scarlet fever, then Rheumatic Heart Dz
What do Class I, Class II and Class III CHF have in common?
No symptoms of heart failure at rest.
What do Class II and III CHF have in common?
No symptoms of heart failure at rest but YES symptoms of heart failure during physical activity.
- Class II - sx during ordinary physical activity
- Class III - sx during less than ordinary physical activity
What makes Class I different from Class II and III CHF?
Class I has no sx during ordinary physical activity
What makes Class IV CHF different from Class I and II>
Class IV has sx during rest and with any level of physical activity.
Shortness of breath, edema. lack of tolerance to exercise and crackles on auscultation suggest which condition?
CHF
Both left and right sided CHF have shortness of breath, lack of tolerance to exercise, crackles on auscultation, pulmonary circulation congestion, cyanosis, slow cap refill. What does Right Sided CHF have that Left Sided does not?
Right Sided CHF has peripheral edma and Kussmaul’s sign - paradoxical rise in or failure in appropriate fall of JVP on insipiration with JV distension
ARC is the order of the coronary arteries most commonly affected in MI. What does ARC stand for?
A - Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary arter
R - Right coronary artery
C - Circumflex branch of left coronary artery
What is the most common arrhythmia?
Atrial Fibrillation with symptoms of irregular pulse, palpitations, weakness, light headedness, SOB, and associated with high risk of stroke.
What is the most common arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients?
Ventricular fibrillation with ventricular quavering, and symptoms of palpitations, chest discomfort, fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, syoncope
