Cardiovascular Disease: Prevention & Risks

Question 1

the large artery that transports blood from the heart to the body

Answer 1

aorta

Question 2

any of a series of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

extremely small blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to tissues

Answer 3

capillaries

Question 4

any disease that causes damage to the heart or the body’s blood vessels

Answer 4

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Question 5

two arteries arising from the aorta that supply blood vessels to the heart muscle

Answer 5

coronary arteries

Question 6

disease caused by fatty deposits in the heart’s coronary arteries that impede or completely clock the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle cells

Answer 6

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Question 7

death of, or damage to, part of the heat muscle caused by an insufficient blood supply

Answer 7

heart attack

Question 8

muscular wall of the heart that contracts and relaxes

Answer 8

myocardium

Question 9

death of brain cells due to an insufficient supply of blood to the bran, resulting in loss of muscle function, loss of speech, or other symptoms

Answer 9

stroke (brain attack)

Question 10

blood vessels that return blood from tissues to the heart

Answer 10

veins

Question 11

rapid, erratic contraction of the upper chambers of the heart

Answer 11

arterial fibrillation (“a-fib”)

Question 12

an electrical device that can restart a heart that has stopped beating by delivering electrical shocks to it

Answer 12

defibrillator

Question 13

a test that shows the rate and rhythm of the heart beat

Answer 13

electrocardiogram (EKG)

Question 14

the region of the heart that produces an electrical signal that causes the heart to contract

Answer 14

sinoatrial node

Question 15

an electrical device implanted in the chest to control irregular heartbeats

Answer 15

pacemarker

Question 16

irregular quivering of the lower chambers of the heart

Answer 16

ventricular fibrillation

Question 17

a physician who specializes in diseases of the heart

Answer 17

cardiologist

Question 18

an emergency lifesaving procedure used to revive someone who has stopped breathing or suffered cardiac arrest

Answer 18

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Question 19

when the heart is weakened to the degree it cannot pump blood throughout the body

Answer 19

heart failure

Question 20

damage to heart valves from bacterial infection

Answer 20

rheumatic heart disease

Question 21

swelling of veins (usually in the legs) resulting from defective valves

Answer 21

varicose veins

Question 22

hardening of the arteries

Answer 22

arteriosclerosis

Question 23

a disease process in which fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the arteries and block the flow of blood

Answer 23

atherosclerosis

Question 24

an inherited disease causing extremely high levels of cholesterol in the blood

Answer 24

familial hyperlipidemia

Question 25

the carrier of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for removal from the circulation; carrier of "good" cholesterol

Answer 25

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 26

spherical particles that transport cholesterol and fat (TG) in the blood

Answer 26

lipoproteins

Question 27

the carrier of "bad" cholesterol in blood

Answer 27

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 28

deposit of fatty substances in the inner lining of arteries

Answer 28

plaque

Question 29

a class of drugs that block synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood

Answer 29

statins

Question 30

a protein in blood that is a measure of chronic inflammation and risk of a heart attack

Answer 30

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 31

medical term for chest pain caused by coronary heart disease; a condition in which the heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood, resulting in chest pain

Answer 31

angina pectoris

Question 32

visualization of blocked coronary arteries by using a catheter and monitoring blood flow in coronary arteries; a dye is injected through the catheter

Answer 32

cardiac catheterization

Question 33

surgery to improve blood supply to the heart muscle by replacing the damages portion of the blocked artery with a graft

Answer 33

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Question 34

surgery performed on the opened heart while the blood supply is diverted through a heart-lung machine

Answer 34

open-heart surgery

Question 35

a procedure to open blocked arteries

Answer 35

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Question 36

a ballooning out of a vein or artery

Answer 36

aneurysm

Question 37

measurement of the force with which the heart pushes blood through the circulatory system

Answer 37

blood pressure

Question 38

removal of fatty deposits in arteries in the neck to prevent a stroke

Answer 38

carotid endarterectomy

Question 39

the pressure in the arteries when the heart release (the lower number)

Answer 39

diastole

Question 40

high blood pressure that is not caused by any observable disease

Answer 40

essential (primary) hypertension

Question 41

high blood pressure

Answer 41

hypertension

Question 42

high blood pressure caused by a recognizable disease

Answer 42

secondary hypertension

Question 43

the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (the high number)

Answer 43

systole

Question 44

a model embracing five risk factors that puts people who have at least three risk factors at risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and premature death

Answer 44

metabolic syndrome

Question 45

``` The adult body contains approximately how many miles of blood vessels? A. 100,000 B. 60,000 C. 20,000 D. 1,000 ```

Answer 45

B. 60,000

Question 46

True or False: The heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood a minute.

Answer 46

False: The heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood a day.

Question 47

``` How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each minute: A. 100 gallons B. 20 gallons C. 1 gallon D. 2,000 gallons ```

Answer 47

C. 1 gallon

Question 48

``` The heart rate is controlled by a region in the right atrium called the: A. ascending aorta B. aortic arch C. left ventricle D. sinoatrial node ```

Answer 48

D. sinoatrial node

Question 49

True or False: An electrocardiogram is simple painless test that can tell how hard the heart is beating and whether its rhythm is steady or irregular.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

``` How many times does the heart beat each day? A. 100,000 times B. 1 million times C. 10,000 times D. 60,000 times ```

Answer 50

A. 100,000 times

Question 51

``` How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each day? A. 10,000 gallons B. 2,000 gallons C. 1,000 gallon s D. 20,000 gallons ```

Answer 51

B. 2,000 gallons

Question 52

``` How many red blood cells are none gallon of blood? A. 1 million B. 20,000 C. 25 trillion D. 9 billion ```

Answer 52

C. 25 trillion