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NUTRITION CARE > CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

are women or men more at risk for getting heart diseases? is the incidence increasing or decreasing?

A

men are more at risk

incidence is decreasing

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2
Q

what are some lifestyle factors that affect heart disease?

A
  • being smoke free
  • staying physically active
  • eating a healthy diet
  • maintaining a healthy diet
  • limiting alcohol use
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3
Q

define ischemia

A

lack of oxygen (blood flow to the organ is reduced)

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4
Q

describe thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot (could lead to an ischemic stroke)

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5
Q

what is the purpose of LDL

A

transports cholesterol to tissues - vital for production of hormones

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6
Q

what is ApoB

A

protein found on each atherogenic lipid particle (LDL, VLDL, IDL, and chylomicrons)

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7
Q

what is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure (exerted force on blood vessel walls (mm Hg)

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8
Q

what is systolic and diastolic? what is the first/second number?

A

systolic: heart CONTRACTS
(first number)

diastolic: heart RELAXES
(second number)

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9
Q

what are two main things that regulate BP?

A
  • cardiac output
  • total peripheral resistance
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10
Q

which main organ is regulating BP?

A

kidneys - regulate blood volume and pressure

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11
Q

what is normal BP?

A

<120/80

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12
Q

what are some risk factors of hypertension?

A
  • smoking
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • excess weight
  • alcohol consumption
  • genetics and family history
  • renal disease and adrenal disorders
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13
Q

what are some health behaviour changes to hypertension management?

A
  • increase exercise
  • weight reduction
  • limit alcohol
  • stress management
  • smoking cessation
  • DASH diet
  • limit sodium
  • increase dietary potassium to reduce BP
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14
Q

what types of foods have potassium?

A

fruits and veg!!

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15
Q

how do diuretics help with hypertension?

A

increase urinary output which leads to a decrease in blood volume

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16
Q

how do calcium channel blockers help hypertension?

A
  • causes blood vessels to relax, promotes vasodilation
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17
Q

how do beta blockers help hypertension?

A

decrease heart rate and cardiac output

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18
Q

describe the lifecycle of lipoproteins

A

chylomicron –> VLDL –> IDL –> LDL –> HDL

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19
Q

which lipoproteins distribute cholesterol from the LIVER to the body?

A

VLDL, IDL, LDL

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20
Q

what is total cholesterol?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • total amount of cholesterol circulating (VLDL, LDL, HDL)
21
Q

what is total/HDL cholesterol ratio used for?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ratio used to estimate CVD risk
  • higher the ratio, the increased risk of CVD
22
Q

what does HDL do?

Study These Flashcards
A

brings cholesterol BACK to the LIVER

23
Q

how are triglycerides transported?

Study These Flashcards
A

in liproproteins, esp VLDL
- main form of fat storage

24
Q

describe atherosclerosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • a disease of the arteries
  • loss of elasticity and flexibility due to the deposition of plaques of fatty materials in the inner walls
  • restriction of blood flow to the organs and tissues
25
ways to precent atherosclerosis?
- regulate blood glucose levels - regulate blood pressure - regulate lipid levels in our blood
26
what is coronary heart disease?
atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary artery *artery that brings blood to the heart)
27
what is acute myocardial infarction?
heart attack - blood supply to the heart is interrupted
28
how do statins help CVD?
- inhibits HMGCoA reductase (enzyme that converts acetyl-CoA to cholesterol)
29
ways to decrease LDL/ApoB
- decrease trans fat - decrease saturated fat - increase fiber, MUFA, PUFA
30
how to increase HDL
- active lifestyle - good weight - less trans fat
31
ways to decrease triglycerides
decrease: - alcohol - simple sugars - saturated fat - inconsistent intake - extra weight
32
ways to decrease blood sugars
- amount/type of CHO - timing of meals - meal balance - exercise -weight/waist
33
describe portfolio diet
- nutes - plant protein - fiber - plant sterols
34
what is omega 3's effect on CVD
none! but can reduce TG levels
35
canadian heart and stroke recommendations:
- include more F&V - choose healthier fats - nuts, oils, fish, and avocado - 20-35% of total kcal from fat - avoid trans fat - reduce intake of foods high in saturated fats
36
how does heart failure happen and what are some symptoms
- heart can't provide body with adequate blood flow - symptoms: SOB, fatigue, fluid retention
37
is there a cure to heart failure?
no, just management
38
left side of heart role and clinical implications when its weak?
role: to pump blood to our body clinical implications: SOB, pulmonary edema
39
right side of heart role and clinical implications when its weak?
role: pump blood to our lungs clinical implications: ascites, edema in lower limbs, increased volume in abdominal organs
40
difference between compensated heart failure and decompensated heart failure?
compensated: symptoms are stable (no fluid retentino or pulmonary edema) decompensated: deterioration - acute episode of pulmonary edema, reduction in exercise tolerance, and increasing breathlessness on exertion
41
treatment goals for heart failure?
- treat the underlying cause of the cardiac disorder - prevent progression of the disease (meds) - lifestyle changes
42
nutrition goals for heart failure patients
- manage dyslipidemia - blood pressure regulation - manage blod sugars - healthy weight - reduce sodium, alcohol
43
what is ejection fraction?
will tell you how severe the heart failure is
44
what is the na and fluid intervention for heart failure patients?
restrict - fluids: <2L/day - sodium 2000-3000mg/d
45
describe ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke
ischemic: loss of brain function caused by a blockage of blood flow hemorrhagic stroke: loss of brain function caused by rupture of blood vessels (sometimes from high blood pressure)
46
what is transient ischemic attack (TIA)
episodes of ischemia that lead to momentary symptoms consistent with the loss of oxygen to the brain
47
what is the biggest risk factor of stroke?
hypertension
48
clinical signs of s troke
- sudden loss of vision - sudden change in speech/understanding - sudden paralysis/muscle weakness - change in mental status
49
short and longer term interventions for stroke
short term:"save" brain tissue - using meds long term: symptoms management, prevention of further stroke - lower BP - normalize blood lipids - diabetes management - smoking cessation - healthy weight and exercise

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