Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

4 CSIM2 > Cardiovascular diseases > Flashcards

Cardiovascular diseases Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how is MI diagnosis made

A

troponin above 99th percentile plus one of

symptoms of ischaemia
ecg changes indicating ischaemia
ecg changes of necrosis
imaging showing mycrodial damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can diabetics present different in MI

A

sometimes no chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how to differentiate MSK chest pain

A

ask patient to press on it themselves and see if it gets worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is ACI pain more likely to be pin point or regionalised

A

regionalised, sometimes radiates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is ACS pain likely to radiate to

A

jaw arms neck back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

symptoms of ACS

A 
angina
nausea vomiting
sweating
abdo pain
SoB
tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how to go about investigating ACS

A 
troponin at admission
ECG 
CXR
hx and exam
BM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how to investigate troponin in ACS

A

if Trop at admission is above 99th centile, then do 2nd one after 3 hours, if its more than 10ng/L and rising more than 20%, possible ACS

if below 99th centile at admission and more than 6 hrs since symptoms, not likely ACS, if less than 6 hours, repeat in 3 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

acute medical management of ACS

A

GTN, oxygen, antiemetic, analgesia,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

long term management after ACS

A

aspirin, ACEI, beta blockers, antithrombin e..g clopidog or ticagrelor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if ECG shows ST elev what is the management

A

PCI or CBAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the TIMI risk score

A

risk of cardiac event in 14 days after NSTE ACS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the GRACE score

A

risk of death or MI after 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

differentials of chest pain

A

cardiac - angina, aortic dissection, pericarditis,

pulmonary - PE, pneumothorax, pneumonia, pleurisy

GI - gastritis, esgitis, pancreatitis, gallstones

msk - costochondritis, trauma

anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does high lipid levels lead to atherosclerosis?

A

lipids usually dissolve through endothelium but come out, in a lipid rich environment, they stay inside and contribute to foam cell development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

explain the process of lipid metabolism

A

ingested lipids are packaged as chylomicrons in the intestines and then processed in the liver to become LDL, these are then sent around the body. they then return to the liver as HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which is the most common primary hyperlipidaemia condition

A

polygenic familial hypercholesterolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which cholesterols are associated with increasd risk?

A

triglycerides, LDLs, VLDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does total cholesterol measure

A

all the lipids, HDL LDL, VLDL, but not triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

high tryglyceride levels are associated with atherosclerosis T or F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is required to measure LDL-C?

A

fasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the alternative to measuring LDL-C

23
Q

what are some physical signs of hypercholesterolaemia

Study These Flashcards
A

tendon xanthomas
corneal arcus
cutaenous xanthomas

24
Q

what lipid is raised in familial hypercholesterolaemia

25
what lipid is raised in familial combined hypercholesterolaemia
high ldlc, high TG, low hdlc
26
what is apolipoprotein used for
better marker of lipids, but expensive.
27
which apolipoprotein is associated with ldl and hdl?
ldl is apoB | hdl is apoA
28
what is raised in remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia
TC raised, trig raised,
29
investigations in someone with hyperlipidaemia?
rule out secondary causes - kidney, liver, look for cardiovascular complications, look for signs of hyperlipidaemia
30
history to ask for in investigating hyperlipidaemia
``` cardiovascular history diabetes, pmhx drug history family history life style - smoking diet ```
31
what is a sinister sounding type of syncope
sudden collapse with no prodrome and rapid recovery
32
what syndrome is associated with fainting on startling
catecholinergic polymorphic VT
33
what are some ways to monitor heart conduction
ecg holter ecg zio patch implantable loop recorder
34
what are ecg signs of Long qt syndrome
long qt interval, T waves end more than half way past T-T interval
35
what are ecg signs of brugada syndrome
st elevation in v1-v3 described as cove lik
36
how does torsade de point look like
wavy ribbon like ventricular tachycardia
37
what causes sudden death in channeloppathies
mutations in ion channels causing disruption of flow in electrical conductions
38
what is arryhthmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and how does it kill
mutation in desmosomes, cause tearing of heart muscle when stretched, causing scaring and fibrosis, leading to conduction disturbance
39
what channels are affected in LQTSd
sodium and potassium
40
when is a Q wave pathologic?
>1 box wide or if is 1/3 of entire QRS amplitude in at least 2 contiguous leads
41
under what circumstances in someone presenting with non-ST elevation chest pain, do you repeat a Troponin T at 6 hours?
more than 99th centile trop T at admission, but <10ng/L increase or <20% increase after 3 hours.
42
what imaging should be done after a PCI in post-MI patient?
coronary angiogram
43
complications after MI?
DARTH VADER ``` death arrythmia rupture tamponade heart failure ``` ``` Valve disease aneurysm dressler's syndrome (pericardial rub) embolism (thromboembolism) recurrence/mitral regurgitation ```
44
complications of hypertension?
``` stroke heart failure peripheral vascular disease AF hypertensive nephrosclerosis hypertensive retinopathy ```
45
what is high triglycerides associated with
pancreatitis, metabolic syndrome, DM
46
what is apoB and apoA associated with?
apoB is associated with atherogenic molecules | apoA is associated with HDL (neutral/protective lipoproteins)
47
what are tendon xanthomas associated with?
familial hypercholesteroalaemia, more xanthomas, more likely to be homozygous
48
what is the inheritance pattern of familial hypercholesteroalaemia,
co-dominant
49
what is the patient profile/presentation of familial combined hypercholesterolaemia?
no other specific signs of hypercholesterolaemia, older age of presentaiton.
50
what is tubero-eruptive xanthelasma associated with?
familial remant hyperlipidaemia
51
when can a qrisk score not be used?
already on treatment, HIV medication, autoimmune conditions, severe obesity
52
what is a possible cause of dyslipidaemia in someone presenting also with frothy urine?
nephrotic syndrome
53
secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia?
``` nephrotic syndrome hypothyroidism diabetes renal failure alcohol consumption ```

4 CSIM2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions